2008
DOI: 10.1590/s1678-58782008000400010
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Alternative fuels mixture in cement industry kilns employing Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm

Abstract: Most of the works accomplished in the optimization

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Cited by 12 publications
(3 citation statements)
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References 19 publications
(15 reference statements)
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“…The liquid waste are used oils, solutions exhausted from surface treatment bath with cyanide from electroplating operations, asphalt emulsion (in solvent), paraffin solvent with paint, dirt solvents, mix resin with solvent, triethylene-glycol and others. The solid are used tires, wood waste, plastics, papers, biomass, municipal waste, textiles sludge, soil contaminated with oil, soluble oil, oil in emulsion, dirty oil, used grease, petroleum sludge, waste clean-up, slag molten of aluminium, iron, steel, and zinc, waste of non-metallic minerals, wastes from incineration or thermal treatment of contaminated soil and others [10,11,12]. Different characteristics of AFR should be analysed beforehand in order to determine their suitability to be incorporated into industrial production.…”
Section: Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (Afr)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The liquid waste are used oils, solutions exhausted from surface treatment bath with cyanide from electroplating operations, asphalt emulsion (in solvent), paraffin solvent with paint, dirt solvents, mix resin with solvent, triethylene-glycol and others. The solid are used tires, wood waste, plastics, papers, biomass, municipal waste, textiles sludge, soil contaminated with oil, soluble oil, oil in emulsion, dirty oil, used grease, petroleum sludge, waste clean-up, slag molten of aluminium, iron, steel, and zinc, waste of non-metallic minerals, wastes from incineration or thermal treatment of contaminated soil and others [10,11,12]. Different characteristics of AFR should be analysed beforehand in order to determine their suitability to be incorporated into industrial production.…”
Section: Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (Afr)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alguns exemplos de resíduos geralmente co-processados são: óleo usado (inclusive lubrificante), solo e outros materiais contaminados com óleo (panos, serragem, vegetação), óleo solúvel e em emulsão, óleo sujo, graxa usada, filtro de óleo, resíduos de limpeza com solvente, escória de fundição de alumínio, ferro, aço e zinco, resíduos de minerais não-metálicos, soluções esgotadas de banho de tratamento superficial com cianeto; resíduos de pintura, emulsão asfáltica, solvente de parafina com tintas, borras de percloroetileno, misturas de resina e solvente, trietilenoglicol, pneus (Popovics, 1993;Carpio et al, 2008;Lamas et al, 2013). De acordo com os artigos 1º e 2º da Portaria nº16/2010 da FEPAM (Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental -RS), resíduos Classe I com características de inflamabilidade (solos, estopas e panos contaminados com óleo, por exemplo), não podem mais ser destinados a aterros, sugerindo-se pelo Art.…”
Section: Tratamento Térmico: Co-processamento E Gaseificaçãounclassified
“…raw meal CaO content or fuel slag content, kiln temperature) under AF use (6) impact of switching from compound to direct operation and the new parameter values balancing the kiln, (7) impact of AF use on greenhouse gas emissions (8) a procedure for selecting an appropriate AF mixture which results in low economic sacrifices while the process remain balanced. With regard to (8), the problem of selection optimal fossil fuel mixtures for cement kiln was addressed in [36], while in [37,38] alternative fuels were included; however Subscripts 0 refers to the baseline case with conventional fossil fuels 1 refers to CO 2 Superscript T transpose of a vector or a matrix the enthalpy balance was not considered, while, in addition, the internal mass and energy circuiting associated with compound operation were not included in the mass balances. The presentation is organized as follows.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%