Nonparametric indices for the selection of hybrid citrus as rootstocks grafted with 'Valência' sweet Orange

Costa, Danilo Pereira; Ribeiro, Lucas de Oliveira; Coelho, Maurício Antônio de Oliveira; Lêdo, Carlos Alberto da Silva; Stuchi, Eduardo Sanches; Girardi, Eduardo Augusto; Gesteira, Abelmon da Silva; Soares, Walter dos Santos

doi:10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01592

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Focused studies were conducted to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) in citrandarins associated with host response to infection by CLas ( Soratto et al, 2020 ) and Phytophthora parasitica ( Lima et al, 2018 ), and to identify mechanisms of tolerance to HLB ( Curtolo et al, 2020 ). A series of non-parametric indices were evaluated for selection of superior hybrid rootstocks, and a ranking index was identified as the most useful for selecting productive and drought-tolerant rootstocks ( Costa et al, 2020a ).…”

Section: History Of Citrus Rootstocks and Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks

2021

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Citrus crops have a long history of cultivation as grafted trees on selected rootstock cultivars, but all current rootstocks have significant limitations and traditional methods of rootstock breeding take at least 2–3 decades to develop and field test new rootstocks. Citrus production in the United States, and other parts of the world, is impaired by a wide range of biotic and abiotic problems, with especially severe damage caused by the disease huanglongbing (HLB) associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. All major commercial citrus scion cultivars are damaged by HLB, but tree tolerance is significantly improved by some rootstocks. To overcome these challenges, the USDA citrus breeding program has implemented a multi-pronged strategy for rootstock breeding that expands the diversity of germplasm utilized in rootstock breeding, significantly increases the number of new hybrids evaluated concurrently, and greatly reduces the time from cross to potential cultivar release. We describe the key components and methodologies of this new strategy, termed “SuperSour,” along with reference to the historical favorite rootstock sour orange (Citrus aurantium), and previous methods employed in citrus rootstock breeding. Rootstock propagation by cuttings and tissue culture is one key to the new strategy, and by avoiding the need for nucellar seeds, eliminates the 6- to 15-year delay in testing while waiting for new hybrids to fruit. In addition, avoiding selection of parents and progeny based on nucellar polyembryony vastly expands the potential genepool for use in rootstock improvement. Fifteen new field trials with more than 350 new hybrid rootstocks have been established under the SuperSour strategy in the last 8 years. Detailed multi-year performance data from the trials will be used to identify superior rootstocks for commercial release, and to map important traits and develop molecular markers for the next generation of rootstock development. Results from two of these multi-year replicated field trials with sweet orange scion are presented to illustrate performance of 97 new hybrid rootstocks relative to four commercial rootstocks. Through the first 7 years in the field with endemic HLB, many of the new SuperSour hybrid rootstocks exhibit greatly superior fruit yield, yield efficiency, canopy health, and fruit quality, as compared with the standard rootstocks included in the trials.

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Section: History Of Citrus Rootstocks and Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks

2021

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“…Although the specific Picos 2014 trial contains only 45 of the 350 hybrids in the mapping population, the observed significant rootstock effects on a broad range of measured traits, high heritability (h 2 ) of many important traits, and strong association of particular parental combinations with particular trait combinations suggest that the strategy will be effective. Ranking indices to use for systematic selection of superior citrus rootstocks in trials have been described ( Costa et al., 2020a ), and provide a coherent methodology for selection, although that approach does not significantly contribute to mapping of important traits and pre-selection of superior new hybrid rootstocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work has been conducted over many years at several institutions to develop and evaluate superior new citrus rootstock cultivars, including at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) ( Wutscher and Bowman, 1999 ; Bowman and Rouse, 2006 ; Bowman et al., 2016b , Bowman et al, 2021 ), University of Florida ( Castle, 2010 ; Grosser et al., 2016 ; Grosser et al., 2020 ; Kunwar et al., 2021 ), University of California ( Bitters, 1986 ; Roose et al., 1989 ), Valencian Institute of Agricultural Research (IVIA) in Spain ( Forner-Giner et al., 2003 ; Forner-Giner et al., 2014 ; Martínez-Cuenca et al., 2016 ), CRA-Research Center for Citriculture and Mediterranean Crops (CRA-ACM; CREA) in Italy ( Russo and Reforgiato Recupero, 1984 ; Reforgiato Recupero et al., 2009 ), and in Brazil under the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), The Sylvio Moreira Citrus Culture Center, Fundecitrus-IDR-Paraná, and University of São Paulo ( Cantuarias-Avilés et al., 2010 ; Costa et al., 2020a ; Costa et al., 2020b ; Soratto et al., 2020 ; Domingues et al., 2021 ). These efforts have involved a combination of testing rootstock clones already in existence (including those imported from other regions) and creating new clones by sexual hybridization between two parental species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic modulation of Valencia sweet orange field performance by 50 rootstocks under huanglongbing-endemic conditions

Bowman

McCollum²,

Seymour³

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Although the citrus scion cultivar primarily determines the characteristics of the fruit, the rootstock cultivar of the graft combination has a major role in determining the horticultural performance of the tree. The disease huanglongbing (HLB) is particularly devastating to citrus, and the rootstock has been demonstrated to modulate tree tolerance. However, no existing rootstock is entirely suitable in the HLB-endemic environment, and citrus rootstocks are particularly challenging to breed because of a long life cycle and several biological characteristics that interfere with breeding and commercial use. This study with Valencia sweet orange scion documents the multi-season performance of 50 new hybrid rootstocks and commercial standards in one trial that forms the first wave of a new breeding strategy, with the aim of identifying superior rootstocks for commercial use now, and mapping important traits to be used in selection for the next generation of outstanding rootstocks. A large assortment of traits were quantified for all trees in the study, including traits associated with tree size, health, cropping, and fruit quality. Among the quantitative traits compared between rootstock clones, all except one were observed to have significant rootstock influence. Multiple progeny from eight different parental combinations were included in the trial study, and significant differences between parental combinations of the rootstocks were observed for 27 of the 32 traits compared. Pedigree information was integrated with quantitative trait measurements to dissect the genetic components of rootstock-mediated tree performance. Results suggest there is a significant genetic component underlying rootstock-mediated tolerance to HLB and other critical traits, and that integration of pedigree-based genetic information with quantitative phenotypic data from trials should enable marker-based breeding approaches for the rapid selection of next-generation rootstocks with superior combinations of traits that are needed for commercial success. The current generation of new rootstocks included in this trial is a step toward this goal. Based on results from this trial, the new hybrids US-1649, US-1688, US-1709, and US-2338 were considered the four most promising new rootstocks. Release of these rootstocks for commercial use is being considered, pending the evaluation of continuing performance in this trial and the results from other trials.

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“…The use of the Mulamba and Mock selection index is promising in genetic breeding programs for fruit species (Barth et al 2020;Oliveira et al 2018), with advantages such as relative simplicity and ease of application. The ideotype defined here to classify the trees (short plants, with voluminous fruits, and high productivity) considered attributes that are usually sought in other fruit trees (Castro et al 2020;Costa et al 2020), aiming at great aptitude for commercial cultivation and the consumer market. Although CIR was not considered in the selection index, the 𝑅𝑆 𝐸𝐵𝑉 for this quantitative attribute was -1.76 %, while the response to 𝑅𝑆 𝐸𝐺𝑉 was 1.84%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive phenology, morphoagronomic variability, and selection of mother plants of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae)

Morais

Resende

Chaves

2023

Preprint

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Hancornia speciosa is a fruit tree species with potential for exploitation, which makes the adoption of strategies related to its conservation and breeding relevant. Our study aimed to investigate the reproductive phenology, estimate genetic variability, and identify superior H. speciosa genotypes among the accessions that compose the germplasm collection of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil. Experimental data were obtained from 143 individual accessions. Evaluation of reproductive phenology was conducted on an arbitrary scale of points assigned to trees monthly. Morphological characterization was based on a list of 20 qualitative descriptors and 12 quantitative traits. The dissimilarity between and within botanical varieties and their correlation with the geographic distance of the origin populations were investigated. Analysis of variance components was performed using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction procedure using two linear models. The selection of the ≈ 10% best individual accessions was performed considering genetic and genotypic values. With the exception of H. speciosa var. speciosa, the botanical varieties that compose the germplasm collection showed similar reproductive patterns, with a peak in fruit appearance in August. Morphological dissimilarity was smaller within botanical varieties. Among the botanical varieties, dissimilarity was generally positively correlated with the geographic distance. The adoption of a multivariate selection index procedure enables the prediction of genetic gains, resulting in the selection of genotypes from different similarity groups. Clone selection is the most promising strategy for the improvement of H. speciosa, ensuring a better response to selection in the short term than recurrent selection.

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Nonparametric indices for the selection of hybrid citrus as rootstocks grafted with 'Valência' sweet Orange

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks

SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks

Genetic modulation of Valencia sweet orange field performance by 50 rootstocks under huanglongbing-endemic conditions

Reproductive phenology, morphoagronomic variability, and selection of mother plants of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae)

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