Second to fourth digit ratio: its relationship with core cancer volume and Gleason score in prostate biopsy

Oh, Jin Kyu; Kim, Khae Hawn; Jung, Hae Do; Yoon, Sang Jin; Kim, Tae Beom

doi:10.1590/s1677-55382012000500005

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the mean value of the females’ digit ratio was lower than that of males in our previous studies (0.952,19 0.97,20 0.951,58 and 0.94859. However, in one study conducted among 664 (332 males, 332 females) university students (mean age: male: 22.4 years, female: 21 years), the digit ratio in Korean men was significantly lower than that of Korean women (0.96 vs 0.97, P < 0.001) 60.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of adult lung function

et al. 2014

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Sex and sex hormones play a major role in lung physiology. It has been proposed that the ratio of the second to fourth digits (digit ratio) is correlated with fetal sex hormones. We therefore hypothesized that digit ratio might help predict lung function. We investigated the relationship between digit ratio and pulmonary function test (PFT) findings. A total of 245 South Korean patients (162 male, 83 female) aged from 34 to 90 years who were hospitalized for urological surgery were prospectively enrolled. Before administering the PFTs, the lengths of the second and fourth digits of the right hand were measured by a single investigator using a digital Vernier caliper. In males (n = 162), univariate and multivariate analysis using linear regression models showed that digit ratio was a significant predictive factor of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (FVC: r = 0.156, P = 0.047; FEV1: r = 0.160, P = 0.042). In male ever-smokers (n = 69), lung functions (FVC and FEV1) were correlated with smoking exposure rather than digit ratio. In female never-smokers (n = 83), lung functions (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio) were positively correlated with digit ratio on univariate analysis (FEV1: r = 0.242, P = 0.027; FEV1/FVC ratio: r = 0.245, P = 0.026). Patients with lower digit ratios tend to have decreased lung function. These results suggest that digit ratio is a predictor of airway function.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of adult lung function

et al. 2014

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“…Then, in a major cohort study in the United Kingdom, researchers have proposed that 2D:4D may be a simple marker of prostate cancer risk, with length of 2D greater than 4D suggestive of lower risk 9 . Another investigation in 2012, the Korean researchers found an association between 2D:4D, prostate cancer volume and Gleason score after investigating 770 men with lower urinary tract symptoms 38 . However, in 2013, one US study found lower right-hand digit ratios for African-Americans with prostate cancer in comparison to Caucasians, but no significant differences for Gleason scores 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prognostic significance of the digit ratio after hormone therapy for prostate cancer: a prospective multicenter study

Sun

Guo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The digit ratio has been used as a retrospective noninvasive biomarker to investigate the putative effects of prenatal exposure to androgens. In recent years, many scholars have paid attention to the association between 2D:4D (the second and fourth digits) and prostatic cancer. This study explored the prognostic significance of digit ratio in prostate cancer patients. We reviewed the progressive status and survival of 382 prostate cancer patients who had received hormone therapy at our institutions. Survival of clinicopathological variables analyzed as categorical variables were determined by the log-rank test. According to Cox’s proportional hazards analysis, R2D:4D, L2D:4D, PSA at 6 month,bone metastasis were significant independent factors for prostate cancer. The risk of any progression of prostate cancer similarly depressed with increasing 2D:4D, for any progression (R2D:4D HR = 0.71, p = 0.003; L2D:4D HR = 0.67, p = 0.001), for cancer-specific death (R2D:4D HR = 0.67, p = 0.025; L2D:4D HR = 0.74, p = 0.036). Digit ratio may not only have predictive value in risk but also prognosis of prostatic cancer. This finding suggests that low 2D:4D can be used as prognostic factors to identify patients with a poor prognosis. These patients may benefit from more aggressive management.

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“…More recently, three studies have evaluated 2D:4D ratio and PCa diagnosis and severity [29,30,31]. A Spanish group found that patients with a left 2D:4D ratio >0.95 had a 4-fold risk of PCa diagnosis in biopsy [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Spanish group found that patients with a left 2D:4D ratio >0.95 had a 4-fold risk of PCa diagnosis in biopsy [29]. This finding was just the opposite of an Korean group study, which found an increased PCa detection in patients with a lower 2D:4D ratio in right hand [30]. An American group study did not find an association between 2D:4D ratio and PCa severity [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Palmistry to Anthropometry: Can 2nd to 4th Digit Length (2D:4D) Predict the Risk of Prostate Cancer?

Salomão¹,

Figueiredo²,

Santos³

et al. 2013

Urol Int

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Objective: The 2nd to 4th digit length (2D:4D) is inversely related to androgen exposure during the fetal period, which may represent a risk factor for several steroid-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and the risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa). Subjects and Methods: We assessed the 2D:4D ratio of 474 men >40 years old, stratified into three groups: group 1 (n = 222) patients with PCa, group 2 (n = 82) subjects with high risk of PCa, and group 3 (n = 170) men with low risk of PCa. Subjects were submitted to a digital picture of the ventral surface of the right hand and 2nd and 4th fingers measurements were determined by the distance from the proximal crease to the tip using computer-assisted analysis. Results: The mean serum prostate-specific antigen level was 7.5 ng/ml in the high-risk group and 0.92 ng/ml in the low-risk group (p < 0.05). The mean 2D:4D ratios were 0.96 ± 0.04, 0.97 ± 0.04 and 0.96 ± 0.04 for the PCa, high-risk and low-risk groups, respectively, and no difference was found among the three groups (p = 0.12). Conclusion: Anthropometry of the hand using the 2D:4D ratio is not a predictor of PCa.

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Second to fourth digit ratio: its relationship with core cancer volume and Gleason score in prostate biopsy

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of adult lung function

Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of adult lung function

Prognostic significance of the digit ratio after hormone therapy for prostate cancer: a prospective multicenter study

From Palmistry to Anthropometry: Can 2nd to 4th Digit Length (2D:4D) Predict the Risk of Prostate Cancer?

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