Varicocele among healthy young men in Turkey; prevalence and relationship with body mass index

Söylemez, Haluk; Atar, Murat; Sancaktutar, Ahmet Ali; Bozkurt, Yaşar; Penbegül, Necmettin

doi:10.1590/s1677-55382012000100016

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Handel et al [3] reported that the prevalence of varicocele decreases with increasing BMI because of increased adipose tissue, which decreases compression of the left renal vein. However, Delaney et al [4] reported that patients with varicoceles were taller, but contrary to the previous reports [11], they were heavier and BMI was not significantly different compared with respective growth charts for boys aged 2 to 20 years. They hypothesized that taller individuals were more susceptible to increased hydrostatic pressure owing to the increased length required for drainage of the spermatic vein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Adolescent Varicocele: Are Somatometric Parameters a Cause?

et al. 2014

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PurposeIt has been reported that varicocele is found less frequently in obese men. Accordingly, we evaluated varicocele patients and statistically analyzed the correlation between varicocele and somatometric parameters.Materials and MethodsA total of 211 patients underwent surgery for varicoceles. All patients underwent history taking, physical examination, and scrotal ultrasound to determine the presence and severity of varicocele. An age-matched control group consisted of 102 patients who were found not to have varicocele according to physical examinations and scrotal ultrasound. The age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) of the two groups were compared. The statistical analyses were performed by use of PASW Statistics ver. 18.0. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used for statistical significance.ResultsIn the varicocele group, the mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 29.42±14.01 years, 168.53±9.97 cm, 62.14±13.17 kg, and 21.66±3.21 kg/m2, respectively. The distribution of varicocele grade was as follows: 103 (48.8%) grade III, 72 (34.1%) grade II, and 36 (17.1%) grade I. In the control group, the mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 30.83±17.31 years, 161.93±19.83 cm, 64.69±17.86 kg, and 24.04±3.64 kg/m2, respectively. Analyzing these data specifically in adolescents, they showed significant differences in age, height, and BMI (p=0.000, p=0.000, and p=0.004, respectively) between two groups. There were no significant differences in somatometric parameters between patients with different grades of varicocele.ConclusionsOur results showed that patients with varicoceles were significantly taller and had a lower BMI than did patients without varicoceles, especially among adolescents. Carefully designed future studies may be needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Adolescent Varicocele: Are Somatometric Parameters a Cause?

et al. 2014

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“…In 12 studies: first, no significant differences in BMI were detected (Delaney et al, 2004;Kilic et al, 2007), secondly, patients with varicocoele had a distinctly lower BMI (May et al, 2006;Baek et al, 2011), and thirdly, the number of the varicocoele patients decreased as the BMI increased, as found by others (Handel et al, 2006;Nielsen et al, 2006;Prabakaran et al, 2006;Kumanov et al, 2008;Tsao et al, 2009;Al-Ali et al, 2010;Chen & Huang, 2010;Hassanzadeh et al, 2011;Soylemez et al, 2012) and us. It is clear that obesity may lead to decreased detection of varicocoele, even in our study, because of difficulty in palpation on physical examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In the literature; there are 14 articles in which the relationship of Soylemez et al, 2012). Of 14 studies, nine investigated the relationship between height and varicocoele.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of left varicocoele with height, body mass index and sperm counts in infertile men

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate interrelation of left varicocoele with height, body mass index (BMI) and sperm counts. We retrospectively evaluated the data of all patients who consulted for infertility at a tertiary academic referral centre from 2000 to 2010. Patient's height, weight, BMI, semen analysis, presence or absence of varicocoele and varicocoele side and grade were evaluated. In statistical evaluations chi-square, student's t, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA and logistic regression analyses were performed. In ANOVA analyses, Bonferroni post hoc test was performed when needed. The data of 1842 among 2780 men, presenting for infertility, were included in the study. There were 587 men (31.9%) with left varicocoele and 1255 (68.1%) men without varicocoele. Two hundred and seventy-two men (14.8%) had grade I or II, and 315 men (17.1%) had grade III varicocoeles. Mean height was 174.3 ± 6.7 and 172.5 ± 7.0 cm in men with and without varicocoele respectively (p < 0.001). The mean BMI of cases without varicocoeles (25.8 kg/m 2 ) was greater than varicocoele group (24.9 kg/m 2 ) (p < 0.001). Percentage of varicocoele was the highest in moderately oligozoospermic males and significantly higher than the men with normal sperm count. As the height increased, the probability of having varicocoele increased, and the inverse is true for BMI. If varicocoeles are a progressive lesion, perhaps taller men with varicocoeles should be followed more closely to evaluate their fertility and androgenic status.

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“…Another explanation is decreased detection due to adipose tissue in the spermatic cord. The decrease in varicocele prevalence as a function of BMI regardless of varicocele grade suggests this explanation is less likely [16]. Celiktas M, and associates have shown a decreases in varicocele incidence in obese men due to the increased retroperitoneal fat thickness and the adipose tissue deposition within the inguinal cord structures and scrotal content [17].…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeking the Insight of Fertility Specialist in Managing Obesity in Men

Katib¹

2015

J Obes Weight Loss Ther

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CommentaryThe author has presented a basic science review surrounding the biological and metabolic derangements that occur in overweight males and its relation to fertility potentials. Infertility, defined as the absence of pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. Male factor infertility constitutes 25 to 30% of all cases of infertility and contributes, in combination with female factors, to another 30%. Reduced semen quality has been found to be a universal trend in the last few decades because of the dramatic changes in the life-style of civilized communities around the world. Alarmingly, one of the health problems in modernized societies that lead to infertility is obesity.Recent estimates show that the increasing prevalence of obesity is recognized worldwide, with few exceptions. The International Obesity TaskForce estimates that at least 1.1 billion adults are currently overweight, including 312 million who are obese; and that with the new Asian Body Mass Index (BMI) criteria, the number is even higher [1]. Most importantly, there is emerging evidence that overweight is increasing not only in adults, but in children too [1].Subfertile men have significantly higher BMI than the general population. Overly, an abnormal BMI (less than 19 kg/m² or more than 30 kg/m ² ) has been associated with reduced testicular volume (WHO 1987), and reduced semen quality suggesting impairment of spermatogenesis (Jensen et al. 2004). Czernichow and his colleagues gathered data from 14 previous studies, including nearly 10,000 men. They looked at each participant's sperm count and BMI, which is a measure of body fatness, and is calculated based on weight and height. Men with BMI of more than 25 kg/m ² are considered overweight, and those with a BMI exceeding 30 kg/m² are considered obese. Interestingly, they found that among men, who were of normal weight, 24 percent had low sperm counts and 2.6 percent had no viable sperms. Moreover, among the overweight men, 25.6 percent had low sperm counts, and 4.7 percent had no viable sperms. Of the men who were obese, 32.4 percent had low sperm counts and 6.9 percent had no viable sperms [2].The article in focus has tackled the condition "traumatic epididymo-orchitis" to be a novel possible cause of infertility in obese males, and has presented a fairly arguable reasoning. Obese men have redundant lumps of fat at the suprapubic and inner thigh regions. These chunks of fat could cause mechanical inflammation to the scrotal contents, including the testes and epididymi, by rubbing and sheering forces; especially while sitting, walking, jogging and performing various physical activities. Looking at the clinical data, epididymo-orchitis post mumps infection, causes sterility in 7-13% of affected patients; as orchitis affects the testicular interstitium more than the Leydig and Sertoli cells, but sperm counts, mobility, and morphology could be affected. Testicular varicocele, the commonest surgical condition that disturbs the thermoregulation within the testes, can cause infertility...

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Varicocele among healthy young men in Turkey; prevalence and relationship with body mass index

Abstract: ARTICLE INFO ___________________________________________ _

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Adolescent Varicocele: Are Somatometric Parameters a Cause?

Adolescent Varicocele: Are Somatometric Parameters a Cause?

Association of left varicocoele with height, body mass index and sperm counts in infertile men

Seeking the Insight of Fertility Specialist in Managing Obesity in Men

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Varicocele among healthy young men in Turkey; prevalence and relationship with body mass index

Abstract: ARTICLE INFO _______________________________________________________________ _____________________

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Adolescent Varicocele: Are Somatometric Parameters a Cause?

Adolescent Varicocele: Are Somatometric Parameters a Cause?

Association of left varicocoele with height, body mass index and sperm counts in infertile men

Seeking the Insight of Fertility Specialist in Managing Obesity in Men

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Abstract: ARTICLE INFO ___________________________________________ _