Endourology & laparoscopy

Abstract

Although stone free rates were quite high in both size categories (95% versus 89%, respectively), retreatment rates were significantly higher in the larger stone group (45% versus 11%, respectively), translating into an efficiency quotient of 81 for treatment of stones ≤ 7 mm and 58 for stones > 7mm. Although this size cutoff was chosen randomly, it provides a reasonable algorithm to guide treatment of distal ureteral calculi when considering treatment with a third generation lithotripter. For stones ≤ 7 mm in size, ureteroscopy or in situ SWL are certainly reasonable treatment options. However, for stones > 7 mm in size, the high success rate and low retreatment rate of ureteroscopy makes this treatment option more attractive then SWL if an HM3 is not available. Objectives: To review current methods of renal hypothermia during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Methods: Review paper describing different methods of renal hypothermia during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, including laparoscopic ice-slush, endoscopic retrograde cold saline infusion, transarterial renal hypothermia, laparoscopic cooling sheath and ancillary techniques for ischemic renoprotection. Conclusion: Renal hypothermia is occasionally required during current laparoscopic renal procedures. Of the various techniques available to achieve laparoscopic renal hypothermia, the surface hypothermia achieved with ice-slush, although cumbersome, duplicates open surgical time-tested principles and is currently the preferred option. Better delivery systems for hypothermic solutions are needed for optimum uniform cooling of the kidney. Editorial CommentThis paper reviews the different methods of renal hypothermia during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and succinctly discusses the renal physiology of hypothermia and protective mechanisms from ischemia-reperfusion

Hemgn Protects Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Against Transplantation Stress Through Negatively Regulating IFN‐γ Signaling

“…During BMT, irradiation increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby promoting DNA damage in donor HSPCs. [ 5 ] We found that the ROS levels (Figure 3H) and DNA damage (Figure 3I,J) were significantly elevated in Hemgn −/− donor HSPCs compared with those in WT HSPCs, suggesting that Hemgn deficiency caused more serious oxidative stress responses in HSPCs after transplantation.…”

“…[ 4 ] Ionizing radiation is used to condition patients receiving HSPCT, which induces a cytokine release syndrome. [ 5 ] In the early stages of engraftment, donor cells operate within a skewed cytokines environment, need to withstand the transplantation stress which includes multiple apoptotic signals and respond to proliferative stimuli, exiting their quiescent phase and undergoing a period of self‐renewal and differentiation to restore hematopoietic homeostasis. Limited responsiveness to inflammatory cytokines is a feature of transplanted HSCs and contributes to successive engraftment during HSPCT.…”