Prostate cancer screening in Brazil: should it be done or not?

Busato, Wilson Francisco Schreiner; Almeida, Gilberto Laurino

doi:10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.0709

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Silva et al [43] reported an inverse correlation between prostate cancer mortality and deaths by ill-defined causes, thus concluding that the recent improvement of mortality information in poorer regions may have influenced the assessment of trends. The contribution of screening in reducing prostate cancer mortality is uncertain; however, some studies suggested that the screening has no tangible impact at the population level [44, 45]. Braga et al [42] attributed the rise in prostate cancer mortality to the process of population aging and regional disparities in access to healthcare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes

et al. 2019

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Background In Brazil, 211 thousand (16.14%) of all death certificates in 2016 identified cancer as the underlying cause of death, and it is expected that around 320 thousand will receive a cancer diagnosis in 2019. We aimed to describe trends of cancer mortality from 1996 to 2016, in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil, and to discuss macro-regional differences of trends by human development and healthcare provision. Methods This ecological study assessed georeferenced official data on population and mortality, health spending, and healthcare provision from Brazilian governmental agencies. The regional office of the United Nations Development Program provided data on the Human Development Index in Brazil. Deaths by misclassified or unspecified causes (garbage codes) were redistributed proportionally to known causes. Age-standardized mortality rates used the world population as reference. Prais-Winsten autoregression allowed calculating trends for each region, sex and cancer type. Results Trends were predominantly on the increase in the North and Northeast, whereas they were mainly decreasing or stationary in the South, Southeast, and Center-West. Also, the variation of trends within intermediate regions was more pronounced in the North and Northeast. Intermediate regions with higher human development, government health spending, and hospital beds had more favorable trends for all cancers and many specific cancer types. Conclusions Patterns of cancer trends in the country reflect differences in human development and the provision of health resources across the regions. Increasing trends of cancer mortality in low-income Brazilian regions can overburden their already fragile health infrastructure. Improving the healthcare provision and reducing socioeconomic disparities can prevent increasing trends of mortality by all cancers and specific cancer types in Brazilian more impoverished regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes

et al. 2019

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“…1,24 Nearly half of the Brazilian population presents some degree of African ancestry, which influences PCa epidemiology. 25,26 In our opinion, ethnicity and BMI that showed an influence on rates of post-biopsy complications in our study just pointed to the heterogeneity of our cohort. We considered the low number of patients included a limitation of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Major post-prostate biopsy complications under antibiotic augmentation prophylaxis protocol

Rodrigues

Muglia

Albuquerque

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Urology

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Objective: To identify risk factors for major post-biopsy complications under augmented prophylaxis protocol. The risk factors already described mainly comprise outdated antibiotic prophylaxis protocols. Material and methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients that underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies, from 2011 to 2016. All patients had received antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of post-biopsy complications. Demographic variables and possible risk factors based on routine clinical assessment were registered. Correlation tests, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for post-biopsy complications. Results: Of the 404 patients that were included, 25 (6.2%) presented 27 post-biopsy complications, distributed as follows: acute urinary retention ( n = 14, 3.5%), infections ( n = 11, 2.7%) and hemorrhage ( n = 2, 0.5%). On univariate analysis, patients who presented complications showed higher body mass index and post-voiding residual volumes. Multivariate analysis identified ethnicity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density as possible risk factors for biopsy complications. The presence of bacterial resistance identified by rectal swabs did not correlate with the incidence of complications and infections. Conclusions: Non-infectious post-biopsy complications were more frequent than infectious ones in this cohort. Higher post-voiding residual volumes and PSA density, that indicates prostate enlargement, were identified as risk factors and interpreted as secondary to bladder outlet obstruction. The higher body mass index and ethnicity were also identified as risk factors and attributed to the heterogeneity of the patients included. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.

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“…35 Researchers disagree about the effectiveness of PSA screening in reducing prostate cancer-related mortality rates; while some studies propose this test as a noninvasive, easy-to-use, early screening tool in the general population, other studies have recommended PSA testing only for those at a high risk for the disease. [36][37][38] An algorithm has been suggested to identify high-risk patients based on their family history, digital rectal examination results and ethnicity. 39 In the current study, while the overall mortality trend was found to have increased over the study period, there was a reduction in certain years, perhaps due to inconsistencies in the data collection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Rate and Years of Life Lost Due to Prostate Cancer in Yazd Province, Iran: A 10-year study

Mirzaei

Mirzadeh

Mehrara

2018

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J

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abstract:Objectives: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The number of deaths and years of life lost (YLL) due to a disease can be used to monitor health status, assess healthcare needs and determine the prioritisation and allocation of health resources within a population; in addition, the latter calculation can serve as a baseline indicator of premature mortality. This study aimed to measure prostate cancer-related mortality and YLL in Yazd Province, Iran. Methods: This study included all prostate cancer-related deaths in Yazd Province reported between March 2001 and March 2010. Mortality data were obtained from a provincial death registration system which integrates data from different sources. YLL was calculated based on an individual's age at death and their life expectancy according to age group. Results: During the study period, prostate cancer was the fourth most common fatal cancer among men, resulting in 324 deaths or 10.0% of all cancer-related deaths. The crude mortality rate per 100,000 individuals increased from 4.7 in 2001 to 8.8 in 2010. Premature deaths caused 1,358.7 YLL and the YLL caused by prostate cancer deaths more than doubled from 94.7 in 2001 to 196.5 in 2010. Conclusion: Due to changes in population structure, it is likely that the burden of prostate cancer will continue to increase in Yazd Province. As such, it is necessary that the national health system implements screening programmes and improves public awareness of prostate cancer-associated risk factors. Keywords

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Prostate cancer screening in Brazil: should it be done or not?

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes

Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes

Major post-prostate biopsy complications under antibiotic augmentation prophylaxis protocol

Mortality Rate and Years of Life Lost Due to Prostate Cancer in Yazd Province, Iran: A 10-year study

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