Immunohistochemical expression of p53, BCL-2, BAX and VEGFR1 proteins in nephroblastomas

Abstract

Introduction: Nephroblastoma or Wilms' tumor is the most frequent renal cancer in children. Although its prognosis is favorable for most patients, it may relapse or have a fatal outcome. The characterization of risk groups by applying immunohistochemical biomarkers aims to adapt the treatment to its corresponding group as well as to reduce relapses and fatal outcome. p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2 associated protein X (BAX) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) are among the most widely studied biomarkers, which are related to the apoptotic pathway, DNA repair and neovascularization. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the immunohistochemical expression of p53, BCL-2, BAX and VEGFR1 in samples of human nephroblastoma and to correlate them with clinicopathological prognostic factors. Material and methods: Twenty-nine surgical specimens of nephroblastoma diagnosed from 1994 to 2007 were selected from the Anatomopathological Service of two hospitals in Curitiba. The immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays was performed through immunoperoxidase staining and the yielded results were compared with clinicopathological prognostic factors. Results: The major immunohistochemical expression of VEGFR1 in blastema and epithelium presented positive association with the risk group. Hence this may be related to higher vascular neoplastic invasion apparently caused by the endothelial growth factor, which maximizes the chances of metastasis and ultimately changes tumor staging, risk group and clinical evolution. Conclusions: The immunohistochemical expression of VEGFR1 substantiated a directly proportional association with the nephroblastoma risk group.

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“…Slides were then stained (with H&E as a counter stain) and visualized for antibody binding using horseradish peroxidase-diaminobenzidine detection system (GBI Labs, WA, USA). Using a light microscope (X100), expression of p53 (cytoplasmic and nuclear) and Bcl-2 (cytoplasmic) was detected as % of positive cells in 100 cells counted per each high definition field and calculated as the mean of 20 fields in each group 68 .…”

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“…The expression of p-53 (cytoplasmic and nuclear), Bcl-2 (cytoplasmic), and caspase-3 (nuclear) was visualized using diaminobenzidine kits (liquid diaminobenzidine–substrate chromogen system, Dako) and Mayer’s hematoxylin as the counterstain. The percentage of positive cells in 100 cells/each high definition field was detected using a light microscope (Olympus cooperation, Tokyo, Japan) and data were represented as the mean of 20 fields/group [ 41 ].…”

Erlotinib and Garcinia Cambogia Prevent Adenine Induced Nephrotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats Through Modulating EKR1/2, STAT3, and p53 Apoptotic Pathways

“…The horseradish peroxidase-diaminobenzidine detection technique was then used to visualize antibody binding on stained (H&E) slides (GBI Labs, WA, USA). Expression of p53 (cytoplasmic and nuclear) and Bcl-2 (cytoplasmic) under a light microscope (X100) (Percicote, 2013).…”