Temporal changes in caiçara artisanal fishing and alternatives for management: a case study on the southeastern Brazilian coast

Abstract

. Temporal changes in caiçara artisanal fishing and alternatives for management: a case study on the southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotrop. 8(2): http://www.biotaneotropica. org.br/v8n2/en/abstract?article+bn00708022008.Abstract: This paper describes a case study of the changes in fishing that occurred in a Brazilian coastal community after a 10 year interval (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002). There was a decrease in the mean amount of fish caught daily (from 14 kg to 11.32 kg) and annually (from 4.2 t to 3.4 t) and in the richness of species caught (from 21 to 17 species); there was also a low similarity in the species composition of the fish landings (Morisita-Horn index Ch = 0.24). These changes suggested a decline in the locally exploited fish populations, which probably caused the discontinuation of commercial artisanal fishing. However, the diversity of fish caught by hook and line and purse-seine fishing was higher in the second period, whereas there was no significant difference in the diversity of fish caught using gillnets. Despite these changes, the CPUE showed no significant alteration and non-intensive fishing is still practiced by a few (6-35) people in the community. Co-management alternatives (fishing regulations, oysterfarms, ecotourism, etc.) are suggested and may be applicable to other coastal communities after appropriate adaptation for each location. Keywords: fishery, Atlantic coast community, co-management, temporal changes. A. 2008. Mudanças temporais na pesca artesanal caiçara e alternativas para manejo: um estudo de casa na costa sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 8(2): http://www.biotaneotropica. org.br/v8n2/pt/abstract?article+bn00708022008.Resumo: O uso de recursos por comunidades humanas tem influência direta na conservação da biodiversidade, na medida em que a forma como ele é executada pode implicar em conservação ou sobre-uso dos recursos. Este artigo descreve um estudo de caso sobre as mudanças ocorridas na pesca em uma comunidade da costa brasileira ao longo de 10 anos (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002). Houve um decréscimo das quantidades médias capturadas diariamente (de 14 kg para 11.32 kg) e anualmente (de 4.2 t para 3.4 t) e também na riqueza de espécies (de 21 para 17 espécies). Além disso, a similaridade da composição de espécies presentes nos desembarques pesqueiros entre os dois períodos foi baixa. (Índice de Morisita-Horn Ch = 0.24). Estas mudanças sugerem um declínio das populações de peixes exploradas localmente, o que provavelmente causou o fim da pesca artesanal comercial. No entanto, a diversidade de espécies capturadas com caniço e com o cerco com redes foi maior no segundo período, enquanto não houve diferença significativa na diversidade de peixes capturada com redes de espera. Apesar destas mudanças, não houve alteração significativa na CPUE e a pesca não intensiva é ainda praticada por alguns membros da comunidade (6-35). Algumas medidas de co-manejo, baseadas no que já é de certa forma re...

Fishers’ knowledge indicates short-term temporal changes in the amount and composition of catches in the southwestern Atlantic

“…The observed decrease in the biomass of fish caught also agree with concerns of coastal fishers regarding intense fishing pressure by large scale fishers [3,15,65]. A comparison of sampled fish catches between two time periods (1992 and 2002) in a fishing community of the southeastern Brazilian coast also indicated decreased catches over time [42]. Therefore, the decrease in fish catches inferred from fishers' interviews seems to indicate a real trend of decreasing fishing yields in the heavily populated Brazilian southeastern coast.…”

“…These artisanal fishers use small to medium sized boats, paddled canoes and various kinds of fishing gear, including gillnets, hand lines and trawling, to catch pelagic and reef fishes, shrimp and squid [3][4][5]13,42]. More recently, some caiçara fishers have increasingly dedicated to tourism related activities to supplement their income [4,46].…”

“…Although the content of questionnaires differ among studies, these usually addressed issues related to socioeconomic characteristics (age, scholar level, jobs, income), fishing behavior (fishing grounds, gear used) and fishing resources exploited (main species caught, amount of catches). More details on sampling procedures and topics addressed in interviews can be found in the resulting publications of these research projects [3,4,11,12,13,42,[44][45][46]. This approach has constraints in the sampling design, which mix distinct regions, communities and time periods.…”

“…Information on temporal trends in fish catches are required to support management interventions and policy measures better suited to the needs and concerns of Brazilian small-scale coastal fishers [6,7]. In Brazil, previous studies analyzed fishers' knowledge to reconstruct temporal changes in abundance of some target fish species in the tropical northeastern coast [18,21,31], but fewer studies have addressed changes in fish abundances in the more populated and potentially more heavily impacted southeastern coast [42]. Moreover, studies usually concentrate in particular fishing communities and few studies analyze a large amount of interviews with fishers from a broad geographic area [10].…”

Captura de aves silvestres no semiárido brasileiro: técnicas cinegéticas e implicações para conservação

“…A atividade de captura de recursos faunísticos, seja em práticas cinegéticas ou pesqueiras, emprega uma diversidade de técnicas e estratégias que tem evoluído ao longo da história, como evidenciado em vários trabalhos [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Essa variedade de técnicas está relacionada à diversidade e ecologia das presas, fatores abióticos, sazonalidade, entre outros [19,22].…”