Occurrence and risk factors of bovine cryptosporidiosis in Brazil – Systematic Review

Abstract

Protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium are parasites capable of causing animal rearing losses due to diarrhea outbreaks. This review aimed to determine the prevalence of and potential risk factors for bovine cryptosporidiosis in Brazil. The search was carried out in the databases Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. The search strategy used the descriptors “Cryptosporidium,” “cryptosporidiosis,” “cattle,” “calves,” and “Brazil.” Nine studies conducted in different Brazilian states between 2008 and 2019 were selected. The age of the evaluated animals ranged from 0 to >36 months. The main risk factors were the low age of the animals, collective pens, presence of diarrhea, contact with other animals, and dairy breed. The average prevalence rate was 30.51%. The species identified were C. ryanae, C. parvum, and C. bovis. Optical microscopy was used as a diagnostic method for oocysts in fecal samples and to determine the species, and PCR was used in three studies. The average prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Brazil was 30.51%, ranging from 10.2 to 62.5%. The main risk factors found were young animals, the presence of animals with diarrhea, contact with other animals, dairy breeds, and collective pens.