Efeito de genótipos de tomateiro e de extratos aquosos de folhas de Melia azedarach e de sementes de Azadirachta indica sobre Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Abstract

-Insecticide plants are an important tool among the new alternatives for pest control in IPM systems because they reduce the use of synthetic insecticides, preserving human health and the environment. We investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of Melia azedarach leaves and Azadirachta indica seeds and three tomato genotypes, 'Santa Clara', 'IPA-5' -Solanum lycopersicum (= Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), and LA444-1 -S. peruvianum (= L. peruvianum), on the development, reproduction and longevity of the tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), under laboratory conditions. The trials were set up in a completely randomized design, with nine treatments [three genotypes x two extracts (M. azedarach and A. indica) and control]. The replication consisted on five tubes, each with three newly hatched larvae, totalizing 90 individuals per treatment. The larvae were fed with tomato leaves treated with aqueous extracts at 0.1% concentration or distilled water (control) and daily observed until adults' emergence. Larval and pupal development and mortality, pupal weight, longevity and fecundity were evaluated. The accession LA444-1 negatively affected the development and reproduction of T. absoluta; the tomato pinworm had similar development and reproduction on 'IPA-5' and 'Santa Clara' (the susceptible control). The association of resistant tomato genotypes and extracts of M. azedarach leaves and neem seeds did not result in synergistic or antagonistic effects on T. absoluta.

Chemical pesticides and vegetal extracts on Sitophilus zeamais control in stored corn grains

“…Mixtures were maintained in sealed flasks for 24 h for the extraction of water soluble compounds, and after this period were filtered through fine fabric (voile), obtaining the 5% aqueous extracts (BRUNHEROTTO et al, 2010).…”

Comparative lethal and sublethal toxicity of some conventional insecticides against tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

“…For example, Mahmoud, Soliman, Abdel-Moniem, & Abdel-Raheem (2013) examined the lethal effects of emamectin benzoate on the larvae of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and found that the insecticide caused a significant decline in the population of pest. The effect of azadirachtin was investigated on different stages Comparative Lethal and Sublethal Toxicity of Some Conventional Insecticides of the T. absoluta, and the highest lethal effect was shown on the larval stage of this pest (Branherotto & Vendraim, 2010). The lethal effects of imidacloprid, phenoxycarb, fentoat, thiocyclam, and dinotefuran were studied on T. absoluta larvae and the highest and the lowest lethal percentages were recognized with imidacloprid and phenoxycarb, respectively (Eman, Redwan, & Hanan, 2012).…”

Effects of neem leaf extracts on Lepidopteran pest species attacking Solanum macrocarpon L. (Solanaceae) in southern Togo

“…Despite two fruiting periods per year by the neem tree, their unavailability throughout the year limits the use of seed-based preparations. Interestingly, numerous active compounds including limonoids have also been found in neem leaves (Siddiqui et al, 2000) and leaf extracts had been shown to exert insecticidal effects against several insect pest species (Brunherotto et al, 2010;Egwurube et al, 2010). The choice of neem was made from literature but more importantly from the traditional practices of local gardeners in Togo.…”