-(Reproductive phenology, pollination and reproduction of Dipteryx alata Vogel (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). The reproductive biology of Dipteryx alata was studied from September/2004 through August/2006. Dipteryx alata is a tree that blooms during the rainy season (4-6 months) and fructification peak occurs in the dry season. There are annual variations in the intensity of flowering and fructification. The flowers are zygomorphic, papilionaceous, hermaphrodite, relatively small, odoriferous, diurnal and last up to 10 hours. The calyx has two petaloid lobules and the corolla is formed by the standard, wings and the petals of the keel. Pollen viability is 94.4%. The stigma is covered by a pelicule that prevents pollen adherence and limits the spontaneous self-pollination. Nectar is produced in a chamber, in small quantity (1.45 µL) and with concentration of 25%. Dipteryx alata has keel flowers and the mechanism of pollination is intermediate between the explosive and valvular types. This species is alogamous, has late acting selfincompatibility and high rate of abortion (ER = 0.45). The main pollinator is Xylocopa suspecta (16.6% of visits), which visits legitimately the flowers and presents trap lining behavior, that promotes pollen flow between plants. Although the visitation rate of Pseudaugochlora graminea (15.3%) and Apis mellifera (39.5%) bees are relatively high, they are not good pollinators (pollination efficiency = 3.5 and 0, respectively), because they generally did not accomplish movement between plants. Apis mellifera robbed nectar in 45.5% of visits. The increasing of seed production in natural populations of D. alata depends on the maintenance of effective pollinators (solitary bees), and it is recommended the management of A. mellifera.Key words -Apis mellifera, cumbaru, management, self incompatibility, Xylocopa suspecta RESUMO -(Fenologia reprodutiva, polinização e reprodução de Dipteryx alata Vogel (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil). A biologia reprodutiva de Dipteryx alata foi estudada de setembro/2004 a agosto/2006. Dipteryx alata é arbórea, floresce na estação chuvosa (4-6 meses) e o pico de frutificação ocorre na estação seca. A espécie apresentou variação na intensidade de floração e frutificação entre os anos. As flores são zigomorfas, papilionáceas, hermafroditas, relativamente pequenas, odoríferas, diurnas e duram até 10 horas. O cálice possui dois lobos petalóides e a corola é formada pelo estandarte, alas e as pétalas da quilha. As anteras produzem pólen com 94,4% de viabilidade. O estigma é recoberto por película que limita a autopolinização espontânea, impedindo a aderência do pólen. Néctar é armazenado em câmara, em pequena quantidade (1,45 µL) e com concentração de 25%. Dipteryx alata tem flores de quilha e possui mecanismo de polinização intermediário entre os tipos explosivo e valvular. Esta espécie é alógama, possui auto-incompatibilidade de ação tardia e elevada taxa de aborto (ER = 0,45). Xylocopa suspecta (16,6...