Orofacial clefts in the newborn and environmental and occupational parental exposures: a case-control study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate risk factors involving environmental and occupational parental exposures associated with occurrence of orofacial clefts in a group of Brazilian children. METHODS: a secondary base case-control study was conducted with 274 cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) and cleft palate only, with 548 controls (1:2). The authors analyzed residential proximity to industrial areas, exposure to commercial insecticides, agricultural pesticides, and vector control spraying, as well as various occupational exposures. The results were obtained by conditional regression analysis. RESULTS: proximity to industrial installations as a risk factor (OR = 3,32; 95%CI: 2,18-5,05) for all orofacial clefts, as well as the combined use of household insecticides and urban vector control pesticide spraying (OR = 5,73; 95%CI: 2,51-11,28). A group of maternal occupations heavily associated with orofacial clefts was domestic services (OR = 2,89; 95%CI: 1,76-4,86). CONCLUSIONS: solvents are frequently associated with CL ± P and that they are contained in numerous industrial products and household cleaning products, the results pertaining to occupational exposure become plausible. Other associations such as the routine use of domestic insecticides require further specific research for confirmation of the hypothesis.

Prevalence of orofacial clefts and social factors in Brazil

“…This idea is corroborated by an investigation developed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, showing that factors related to the environment and to the occupation of the parents were associated with the occurrence of orofacial clefts. 20 Similar results were observed in a study of the distribution of cleft types in patients attended at a University Hospital in São Paulo. 21 It was observed that 70% of the cases lived under unfavorable socioeconomic conditions.…”

Efectos teratogénicos de insecticidas organofosforados en la etiología de labio y paladar hendido: revisión de literatura

“…Existe controversia en los estudios revisados de casos y controles llevados a cabo en humanos. La mayoría evidenció asociación entre la exposición a pesticidas durante el período periconcepcional, y mayor riesgo de malformaciones congénitas [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], como labio y/o paladar hendido [29,31,32,[34][35][36][37], defectos cardiacos [31], y de los sistemas gastrointestinal, genitourinario y nervioso central [30] en los hijos de los padres expuestos. Adicionalmente, se encontró relación entre la exposición a pesticidas y parto prematuro [30].…”

Agrotóxicos e saúde humana: contribuição dos profissionais do campo da saúde

“…Congenital malformation related to agrochemical use are presented in a secondary base control case study (11) , where 274 cases of cleft lip and palate, isolated cleft palate carriers and 548 control cases were evaluated. The variables analyzed were: residential proximity to industrial areas, exposition to commercial insecticides and agriculture pesticides, as well as occupational expositions, relating risk factors involving environmental with the occupational exposition of parents, resulting in malformation.…”