Comparação de duas diferentes intensidades de alongamento na amplitude de movimento

Abstract

O alongamento é uma prática comum no treinamento da flexibilidade, porém existe uma deficiência de informações específicas sobre os componentes da carga utilizados, em especial, sobre a intensidade do alongamento. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito agudo de duas diferentes intensidades de alongamento na amplitude de movimento (ADM) de extensão do joelho. Participaram deste estudo 14 voluntários do sexo masculino. Os dois membros inferiores de cada participante foram avaliados, sendo que um membro executou o treinamento na intensidade submáxima de alongamento (TS, N=14) e o outro na intensidade máxima de alongamento (TM, N=14). O treinamento utilizou a técnica passiva-estática executando quatro repetições com duração de 15 segundos. Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa para os valores de ADM entre o pré-teste (68,0±10,5) e o pós-teste (74,0±10,0) no TM. Os valores de ADM para o pré-teste (68,9±14,0) e o pós-teste (71,0±14,4) no TS não apresentaram diferença significativa. Os resultados analisados através da ANOVA two-way apresentaram interação significativa entre o grupo e o teste (F=1.26; df=8,62; p=0,007). O estudo demonstrou que o treinamento na intensidade máxima de alongamento promove aumento agudo da ADM. Dessa forma, os estudos que avaliam os componentes ideais da carga de treinamento na melhora da flexibilidade não devem negligenciar o controle da intensidade do estímulo de alongamento. Palavras-chave: flexibilidade, treinamento, biomecânica. ABSTRACTStretching is a usual practice in flexibility training; however, specific information on load is still scarce, mainly about what concerns the stretching intensity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of two stretching intensities in the range of motion (ROM) of knee extension, after a single training session. Fourteen males participated in this study. Both lower limbs of each volunteer were assessed, being one leg submitted to a submaximal stretching program (SSP) and the other to a maximal stretching program (MSP). The training session consisted of four static-passive hamstring stretching repetition of fifteen seconds each. MSP exhibited a significant difference between pre-test (68.0 ± 10.5) and post-test (74.0 ± 10.0) to the ROM figures. However, significant difference was not found for the pre-test (68.8 ± 14.0) and post-test (70.9 ± 14.4) for the SSP. The results analyzed through two-way ANOVA method showed significant interaction between the group and the test (F= 1.26; df= 8.62; p= 0.007). These findings demonstrated that the maximal stretching program causes an acute increase at ROM. Thus, the studies to assess the ideal training load components in order to improve flexibility should not take the stimulus intensity control for granted.

Comparação do alongamento estático, balístico e contrair-relaxar nos músculos isquiotibiais

“…However others studies have found no significant difference between the static and contract-relax stretching or between static and ballistic techniques in the flexibility gain of hamstring muscles 15,26 . The difference between results observed in this study to those reported in literature are due to the performance of stretching protocols that used the onset of pain sensation as reference, whereas in the present study, maximum tolerance to stretching without pain was used 21 . Moreover these differences may also have occurred due to the various protocols used in the studies, variations in positions to perform the muscle stretching techniques, the choice of the lower limb to be used and also the evaluation methodology.…”

“…This reduced length of the muscle-tendon unit is known as stress relaxation and allows a deformed of the muscle-tendon unit more easily in the next repetition, thus providing greater flexibility 16 . Another explanation found is based on the increased tolerance of the muscletendon unit to elongation, although this mechanism is still unknown 21 . Further, contract-relax stretching can also be explained by neurophysiological factors based on the findings of reciprocal inhibition and subsequent induction.…”

Assessment and comparison of the effects of two techniques on hamstring flexibility

“…With arms extended and hands facing down, volunteers leaned forward at thehips and attempted to push the marker on the ruler as much as possible, while keeping knees straight. The test was conducted three times, and the highest measurement value was used as data (17,18). (14).…”

“…On the other hand, another study indicated that static stretching might be the only method capable of maintaining significant gain in hamstring muscle range of motion for up to 24 hours (16). Furthermore, some parameters related to stretching maneuvers have generated questions regarding their applicability, such as frequency, number of repetitions, duration time and intensity of stretches (17).…”

Acute effect of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation method on vertical jump performance

“…In flexibility training, the static, dynamic or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques are used [4,11]. These techniques can be executed with a submaximal intensity (stretching), when the work is geared to maintain flexibility and for movements of normal range below the level of muscular discomfort, and maximal (flexing), used to improve the flexibility by forcing a greater range of movement, above the discomfort threshold [18].…”