Hydration in soccer: a review

Abstract

Hydration should be considered before, during and after the exercise. This review intends to approach the main points of hydration process in soccer. The replacement of fluids during exercise is proportional to some factors, such as: exercise intensity; climatic conditions; the athlete's acclimatization; the athlete's physical conditioning; physiologic individual characteristics and the player's biomechanics. Performance is improved when players ingest not only water but also carbohydrate. The rates that carbohydrate and water are absorbed by the organism are limited by the rates of gastric emptying and intestinal absorption. The composition of drinks offered to the players should be influenced by the relative importance of the need of supplying carbohydrates or water; it should be remembered that the depletion of carbohydrate can result in fatigue and decrease of performance, but it is not usually a life-threatening condition. The addition of carbohydrate in these drinks increases the concentrations of blood glucose, increases the use of external fuel through the increase of the glucose oxidation in the muscles and it spares muscle glycogen. So, the ingestion of carbohydrate before and during the exercise can delay the emergence of fatigue and increase the players' performance. Several tactics can be used to avoid dehydration, like hyperhydration before exercise and player's acclimatization. The ideal situation to restore the player's fluid losses is between the sessions of exercises.

Pengaruh Konsumsi Minuman Madu Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Atlet Sepak Bola Remaja Selama Simulasi Pertandingan

“…4 Berkurangnya simpanan karbohidrat dalam tubuh serta konsumsi cairan yang tidak mencukupi hingga mengakibatkan dehidrasi merupakan penyebab terjadinya penurunan performa olahraga. [6][7][8] Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk menyuplai energi pada atlet selama latihan maupun pertandingan yakni dengan pemberian minuman yang mengandung karbohidrat. 3,4,9 Pemberian minuman dengan kandungan karbohidrat sederhana 6-8% selama latihan atau pertandingan dapat membantu meningkatkan performa atlet dengan menunda kelelahan.…”

Factors influencing the implementation of soccer injury prevention strategies in Rwanda

“…To avoid dehydration and the fatigue that can occur from inadequate fluid replacement, cool water or hydrating solutions of dilute carbohydrate should be available (Monteiro, Guerra, & Leite de Barros, 2003;Brukner & Khan, 2003). Assuring adequate water, and juices or sports drinks provided before, during and after the practice or competition, helps keep the participant energised, focused, and better able to concentrate (Galloway, 1999).…”

Análise da suplementação de carboidratos e solução isotônica sobre parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de jogadores profissionais de futebol em condições reais de treinamento

“…A reposição de líquidos, eletrólitos e nutrientes promove a manutenção de volume de fluido extracelular e fornece energia ao músculo em exercício. (MONTEIRO et al, 2003;BORTOLOTTI, 2011;STEPHENS, 2007).…”

“…São administradas após o aquecimento e durante a prática esportiva com o objetivo de elevar a glicemia para manter o organismo hidratado durante o treinamento/exercício. (MONTEIRO et al, 2003;CHEUVRONT, 2010).…”