Teste de exercício: terminologia e algumas considerações sobre passado, presente e futuro baseadas em evidências

Araújo, Cláudio Gil Soares de

doi:10.1590/s1517-86922000000300003

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The routine incorporation of the 4sET before exercise testing 28 -conventional or with measurement of the expired gases -has the potential to increase the clinically relevant information to be obtained with the use of physical exercise in healthy or unhealthy individuals [29][30][31][32] .…”

Section: Rrc Cyclo (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validação do teste de exercício de 4 segundos em posição ortostática

Almeida¹,

Ricardo²,

Araújo³

2004

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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160Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality in Brazil, accounting for 32% of all recorded deaths and 10% of all hospital admissions in 2000 1 . The risk of several cardiovascular events increases many times due to autonomic dysfunction, frequently caused by a reduction in parasympathetic activity 2 , which is a strong and independent indicator of a negative prognosis 3 both in individuals with heart failure 4,5 and after infarction 6 , and even in the general population 7 .There are several valid procedures to investigate the autonomic condition of an individual, providing relevant clinical or physiological contributions, or both [8][9][10] , among which the 4-second exercise test (4sET), originally proposed by Araújo et al 11 , stands out. The 4sET is based on eliminating the vagal cardiac tonus in the first seconds of rapid exercise involving large muscle groups. The 4sET is a pharmacologically validated autonomic test, whose finality is the isolated analysis of the vagal modulation of heart rate in the initial transient of dynamic exercise 12 . Since it was reported, 4sET has been applied in the clinical area in some sports medicine and cardiology laboratories, in addition to being used as an instrument of scientific investigation in the research developed by our group 11,13-18 and also by other research centers 19 .Despite the simplicity and low cost of the 4sET, and the easy interpretation of its results, the need for a cycloergometer remains a limitation for the broader use of the test according to the original protocol. Considering that a cycloergometer is not frequently found in specialized laboratories and clinics for exercise testing, it is necessary to analyze the possibility of performing 4sET under more appropriate conditions. This study aimed to test the operational viability of the 4sET performed in the orthostatic position without an ergometer and to validate a 4sET protocol. MethodsThe study comprised 47 adults of both sexes (40±17 years, 169±9 cm, 72±14 kg) with different clinical conditions, who randomly underwent 3 consecutive repetitions of 4sET in the 2 protocols suggested as follows: 1) the CYCLO protocol using a cycloergometer, according to the original 4sET 12 ; and 2) the alternative ORTHO protocol, with 4sET performed in the orthostatic position. The first repetition in each protocol served to acquaint the individuals with the procedures, and the best result of the last 2 repetitions was considered to represent the vagal cardiac index of the individual. All participants signed the written consent before the tests. The protocol and the study design were approved by the institution. 0.84, 0.85, and 0.93, respectively (P<0.001). Original Article Validation of the 4-Second Exercise Test in the Orthostatic Position ConclusionThe 4sET performed in the orthostatic position proved to be a valid option for assessing the vagal cardiac tonus in laboratories lacking a cycloergometer, without jeopardizing clinical interpretation. In addition to simplicity and applicability, the pr...

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Section: Rrc Cyclo (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validação do teste de exercício de 4 segundos em posição ortostática

Almeida¹,

Ricardo²,

Araújo³

2004

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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“…6 The treadmill has been used in most Brazilian laboratories and clinics where TST is performed. The most commonly used protocol is Bruce Protocol (BP) 7 . The ramp protocol (RP) is characterized by 8 to 12-minute time length, slight and progressive velocity and inclination increase following individual patient's gender and age, and based on expected maximum volume of oxygen (VO 2 max), [8][9][10] to be estimated using American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) 11,12 formulas or "VSAQ" (Veterans Specific-Activity Questionnaire) 13,14 questionnaire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teste ergométrico em crianças e adolescentes: maior tolerância ao esforço com o protocolo em rampa

Silva¹,

Saraiva²,

Filho³

2007

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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SummaryObjective: Compare exercise tolerance by children and adolescents submitted to treadmill stress test (TST) following Bruce Protocol (BP) or Ramp Protocol (RP), as well as describe velocity and inclination reached with ramp protocol to help set protocol exercise standards.Methods: Observational, case-based study, with history control of 1,006 children and adolescents in the 4 to 17-yearold range who were submitted to TST between October, 1986 and February, 2003, and who concluded one of the two protocols. Those who interrupted their ET for other reasons rather than physical exhaustion, those on medication that interfered in HR and those with physical constraints to exercise were excluded. Statistical analysis of data considered p<0.05 as significance level; with confidence interval at 95%.Results: Exercise time close to 10 minutes in RP was significantly higher than in BP. HR max reached was higher than 180 bpm in both protocols. Inclination showed to be slightly higher in younger girls in Bruce Protocol. Velocity and VO 2 max showed to be higher for all age ranges for those in the Ramp Protocol. Conclusion

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“…During a maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), also known as ergospirometry (1), an integrated evaluation of the cardiorespiratory responses is possible through the quantification of expired volume and analysis of gas fractions. Among the various indices obtained during CPET, the O 2 pulse, the ratio between oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and heart rate (HR), is one of the most important, due to its physiological and clinical implications (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Stability of relative oxygen pulse curve during repeated maximal cardiopulmonary testing in professional soccer players

Perim¹,

Signorelli²,

Araújo³

2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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During cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), stroke volume can be indirectly assessed by O2 pulse profile. However, for a valid interpretation, the stability of this variable over time should be known. The objective was to analyze the stability of the O2 pulse curve relative to body mass in elite athletes. VO2, heart rate (HR), and relative O2 pulse were compared at every 10% of the running time in two maximal CPETs, from 2005 to 2010, of 49 soccer players. Maximal values of VO2 (63.4 ± 0.9 vs 63.5 ± 0.9 mL O2•kg-1•min-1), HR (190 ± 1 vs188 ± 1 bpm) and relative O2 pulse (32.9 ± 0.6 vs 32.6 ± 0.6 mL O2•beat-1•kg-1) were similar for the two CPETs (P > 0.05), while the final treadmill velocity increased from 18.5 ± 0.9 to 18.9 ± 1.0 km/h (P < 0.01). Relative O2 pulse increased linearly and similarly in both evaluations (r² = 0.64 and 0.63) up to 90% of the running time. Between 90 and 100% of the running time, the values were less stable, with up to 50% of the players showing a tendency to a plateau in the relative O2 pulse. In young healthy men in good to excellent aerobic condition, the morphology of the relative O2 pulse curve is consistent up to close to the peak effort for a CPET repeated within a 1-year period. No increase in relative O2pulse at peak effort could represent a physiologic stroke volume limitation in these athletes

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Teste de exercício: terminologia e algumas considerações sobre passado, presente e futuro baseadas em evidências

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Validação do teste de exercício de 4 segundos em posição ortostática

Validação do teste de exercício de 4 segundos em posição ortostática

Teste ergométrico em crianças e adolescentes: maior tolerância ao esforço com o protocolo em rampa

Stability of relative oxygen pulse curve during repeated maximal cardiopulmonary testing in professional soccer players

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