Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolated from humans and foods

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance has increased in recent years, raising the concern of public health authorities. We conducted a study of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from human and food samples to assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and to determine the genotype and clonal relationship of 84 E. coli isolates (48 from humans and 36 from foods). An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method. Virulence factors were evaluated by multiplex PCR, and the clonal relationship among the resistant isolates was studied by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Overall, 26%, 20.2%, 15.4% and 6% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and cephalotin, respectively. Twenty two percent of the isolates exhibited resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent. Multiple-drug resistance was mostly observed in the human isolates and involved the antibiotics ampicillin and tetracycline. None of the six virulence genes were identified among the isolates. Analysis of genetic diversity by PFGE of 31 resistant isolates, revealed 29 distinct restriction patterns. In conclusion, E. coli from humans and foods are resistant to commonly used antibiotics and are highly genetically diverse. In this setting, inappropriate use of antibiotics may be a cause of high resistance rate instead of clonal spread.

Effect of amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid on clinical scores, intestinal microbiome, and amoxicillin‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs with uncomplicated acute diarrhea

“…In most dogs even 100% of their E. coli had developed resistance. This is in line with recent investigations showing that amoxicillin‐resistant E. coli can be detected in 20.2% to 78.0% of individuals treated with this potentiated penicillin derivates 60,61 . Antibiotics can have a marked effect on the development of antimicrobial‐resistant isolates 62,63 .…”

Clonal relationships, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections and fecal samples in Southeast Iran

“…According to Walker et al 28 and based on other available literature, the rate of trimethoprim sensitivity remains high for most MDR E. coli isolates from UTIs. Commensal E. coli in the gastrointestinal tract are regarded as an important source of antibiotic-resistance genes, and these organisms can transfer resistance genes to other bacteria when exposed to antimicrobial agents 29 . In this study, the rates of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam were significantly higher in UTI isolates than in fecal isolates (P ≥ 0.05).…”

Detection of enterotoxin gene (sea) and biofilm formation ability among multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from shawarma sandwich sold at selected kiosks in Klang Valley, Malaysia

“…The Emergence of multiple drug resistance among bacteria from food handlers, food premises and food products has also been a global concern (Altalhi et al, 2010; Ryu et al, 2012;Rasheed et al, 2014;Tan et al, 2014;Melo et al, 2015) and could lead to food poisoning outbreaks that in turn leads to economic loss and loss of lives if people of compromised immunity are involved.…”