Molecular characterization of Brazilian equid herpesvirus type 1 strains based on neuropathogenicity markers

Mori, Ênio; Lara, Maria do Carmo C. S. H.; Cunha, Elenice Maria Sequetin; Villalobos, Eliana Monteforte Cassaro; Mori, Cláudia Madalena Cabrera; Soares, Rodrigo Martins; Brandão, Paulo Eduardo; Fernandes, Wilson Roberto; Richtzenhain, Leonardo José

doi:10.1590/s1517-838246220140096

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thirty-four out of 269 isolated in Ireland between 1990 and 2017 showed N752D [12], and only two out of 56 EHV-1 isolated from aborted fetuses in India had the neuropathogenic marker [8]. The N752D genotype was not found in EHV-1 isolated in Brazil [23], in Turkey [24] and in the 27 strains isolated in Poland between 1993 and 2017 [11]. Even in other countries the prevalence of the neuropathogenic genotype was rather low, as in Japan (2.7%), the USA (10.8–19.4%), Argentina (7.4%), France (24%), and Germany (10.6%) [25,26,27,28,29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 from Italian Horses: Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF30, ORF33, ORF34 and ORF68 Genes

Preziuso

Sgorbini

Marmorini

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen of horses. It is spread worldwide and causes significant economic losses. The ORF33 gene has a conserved region that is often used as target in diagnostic PCR protocols. Single nucleotide point (SNP) mutations in ORF30 are usually used to distinguish between neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic genotypes. An ORF68 SNP-based scheme has been used for grouping different isolates. Recently, the highest number of variable sites in EHV-1 from the UK has been found in ORF34. In this study, EHV-1 positive samples from Italian horses with a history of abortion were investigated by amplifying and sequencing the ORF30, ORF33, ORF34 and ORF68 genes. Most animals were infected by the neuropathogenic type A2254G. A 118 bp deletion was found at nucleotide positions 701–818 of the ORF68 gene, making impossible to assign the samples to a known group. Sequencing of the ORF34 gene with a newly designed nested PCR showed new SNPs. Analysis of these sequences and of those obtained from genetic databases allowed the identification of at least 12 groups. These data add depth to the knowledge of EHV-1 genotypes circulating in Italy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 from Italian Horses: Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF30, ORF33, ORF34 and ORF68 Genes

Preziuso

Sgorbini

Marmorini

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…A experiment comparing the partial nucleotide sequences of ORF72 (glycoprotein D-gD), ORF64 (ICP4), and ORF30 (DNA polymerase) genes to corresponding sequences of EHV-1, found that the reference variant showed no molecular variation in the ICP4, gD, or viral DNA polymerase gene regions from the evaluated variants, in the experimental the EHV-1 Brazilian variants analyzed, including A3/97, A4/72, and A9/92, were classified as non-neuropathogenic variants (N 752 ) based on the ORF30 analysis, suggesting that other factors, such as the immuneresponse of the host species, could be involved in EHV-1 neuropathogenicity [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…We found Brazilian (A4/72, A3/97, A9/92, Iso72/10) and Argentine (AR4) variants to demonstrate neurotropism and neurovirulence, and were capable of causing neurological disorders and acute brain lesions (cell death and diffuse encephalitis) of inoculated hamsters, despite their classification as non-neuropathogenic variants [40,49]. Mice inoculated with an EHV-1 mutant variant (Ab4p∆ORF37) in which ORF37 was deleted, did not show neurological symptoms, death and body weight loss indicating that ORF37 may be one of the neuropathogenicity factors of EHV-1 [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry

Silva¹

2019

AVS

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The intranasal inoculation of equid alphaherpesvirus1 (EHV-1) Brazilian variants A4/72, A9/92, A3/97, Iso72/10 and the Argentine variant AR4 in a Syrian hamster model Mesocricetus auratus induced severe encephalitis. Clinical signs included weight loss, lethargy, somnolence, anorexia, and intense salivation two days post-inoculation (dpi), followed by neurological signs such as loss of proprioception, walking in circles, spastic paralysis, seizures, recumbency and death at 3 rd dpi (A9/92 and A4/72 variants) and 4 th dpi. Respiratory signs such as dyspnea and serosanguinous nasal discharge were also observed. Histopathological changes in brain included mixed inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of mononuclear cells, neuronal degeneration, liquefactive necrosis, hemorrhagic foci, leptomeningitis, perivascular edema, mononuclear infiltration, and perivascular cuffing. Immunohistochemical examination showed viral replication in neurons restrict predominantly to olfactory bulb and frontal cortex (variants AR4 and A3/97) and in groups of cells from distant regions, such as the caudal diencephalon and rostral mesencephalon (variants Iso72/10) and absence of viral antigen labeling of variants A9/92 and A4/72 despite these variants were the most neurovirulent, so new experiments not staggered in days but in hours post inoculation are needed to better understand the viral migration of these variants.

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“…These viruses are antigenically and genetically related, showing cross-reactions due to similarity between 55% and 96% in the amino acid sequence of surface glycoproteins [99]. EHV-1 and EHV-4 are distributed worldwide, in domestic equine species [102,103]. However, there are few studies on the presence of antibodies against herpesvirus in donkeys ( Table 5).…”

Section: Equine Herpesvirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules

Câmara

Bueno

Resende

et al. 2020

Animals

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Donkeys (Equus asinus) and mules represent approximately 50% of the entire domestic equine herd in the world and play an essential role in the lives of thousands of people, primarily in developing countries. Despite their importance, donkeys are currently a neglected and threatened species due to abandonment, indiscriminate slaughter, and a lack of proper sanitary management. Specific knowledge about infectious viral diseases that affect this group of Equidae is still limited. In many cases, donkeys and mules are treated like horses, with the physiological differences between these species usually not taken into account. Most infectious diseases that affect the Equidae family are exclusive to the family, and they have a tremendous economic impact on the equine industry. However, some viruses may cross the species barrier and affect humans, representing an imminent risk to public health. Nevertheless, even with such importance, most studies are conducted on horses (Equus caballus), and there is little comparative information on infection in donkeys and mules. Therefore, the objective of this article is to provide a brief update on viruses that affect donkeys and mules, thereby compromising their performance and well-being. These diseases may put them at risk of extinction in some parts of the world due to neglect and the precarious conditions they live in and may ultimately endanger other species’ health and humans.

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Molecular characterization of Brazilian equid herpesvirus type 1 strains based on neuropathogenicity markers

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 from Italian Horses: Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF30, ORF33, ORF34 and ORF68 Genes

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 from Italian Horses: Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF30, ORF33, ORF34 and ORF68 Genes

Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry

Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules

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