Antibacterial efficacy of Nisin, Pediocin 34 and Enterocin FH99 against Listeria monocytogenes and cross resistance of its bacteriocin resistant variants to common food preservatives

Abstract

Antilisterial efficiency of three bacteriocins, viz, Nisin, Pediocin 34 and Enterocin FH99 was tested individually and in combination against Listeria mononcytogenes ATCC 53135. A greater antibacterial effect was observed when the bacteriocins were combined in pairs, indicating that the use of more than one LAB bacteriocin in combination have a higher antibacterial action than when used individually. Variants of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 53135 resistant to Nisin, Pediocin 34 and Enterocin FH99 were developed. Bacteriocin cross-resistance of wild type and their corresponding resistant variants were assessed and results showed that resistance to a bacteriocin may extend to other bacteriocins within the same class. Resistance to Pediocin 34 conferred cross resistance to Enterocin FH 99 but not to Nisin. Similarly resistance to Enterocin FH99 conferred cross resistance to Pediocin 34 but not to Nisin. Also, the sensitivity of Nisin, Pediocin 34 and Enterocin FH99 resistant variants of Listeria monocytogenes to low pH, salt, sodium nitrite, and potassium sorbate was assayed in broth and compared to the parental wild-type strain. The Nisin, Pediocin 34 and Enterocin FH99 resistant variants did not have intrinsic resistance to low pH, sodium chloride, potassium sorbate, or sodium nitrite. In no case were the bacteriocin resistant Listeria monocytogenes variants examined were more resistant to inhibitors than the parental strains.

Resistance to bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria

“…The bactericidal activity against this pathogen resulting from this combination was higher than that of either bacteriocin alone. Similar results were observed by Kaur et al (2013), who combined nisin, pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 (both suclass IIa bacteriocins) to control L. monocytogenes. Moreover, the combination of nisin (500 IU ml 21 ) and pediocin PA-1 (1720 AU ml 21 ) reduced the frequency of resistance development (a 10 2 -10 4 reduction, depending on the strain tested) in L. monocytogenes (Gravesen et al, 2002a).…”

“…Kaur et al (2013) showed that L. monocytogenes mutants resistant to nisin, pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 did not become resistant to low pH, sodium chloride, potassium sorbate or sodium nitrite. Resistant variants were equally or more sensitive than the WT strain.…”

The Role of Stress and Stress Adaptations in Determining the Fate of the Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in the Food Chain

“…Some examples of antimicrobials which have been proven to be active against L. monocytogenes include lauric arginate, chitosan, pediocin, and nisin (Kaur et al, 2013; Kang et al, 2015). Nisin is one of the most common antimicrobials used in the food industry especially within dairy products and acidic foods (Delves-Broughton et al, 1996).…”

Antimicrobial Peptide P34 Influences Gene Expression of Listeria Monocytogenes Growing in Soft Cheese

“…Recently, Sant'Anna et al [31] demonstrated that the peptide P34 showed potential to control . However, increasing tolerance or resistance of L. monocytogenes strains to nisin has been reported [26], indicating the importance of research on new substances showing antilisterial activity [27][28][29].…”