Occurrence of subtilase cytotoxin and relation with other virulence factors in verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from food and cattle in Argentina

Velandia, Claudia Viviana Granobles; Sanso, Andrea Mariel; Krüger, Alejandra; Suárez, Lorena V.; Lucchesi, Paula María Alejandra; Parma, A

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822011000200037

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Such carriage rate was strikingly similar to the other comprehensive research which found this gene in 25% of bovine and 91.9% of sheep and goats STEC in Spain [12]. In Brazil, 21 out of 95 STEC collection strains (22%) were positive in subA PCR which mainly targets the subAB1 [31]. Such surprising similarity in carriage of subAB may re ect the very old macroevolutionary events in LEE-negative lineages which occurred in E. coli population within different hosts regardless of the geographical region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Distribution and Molecular Analysis of Subtilase Cytotoxin Gene (subAB) Variants in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (STEC) Isolated From Different Sources in Iran

Badouei

Jajarmi

Narimani

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Subtilase is a potent cytotoxin that was first described in O113:H21 strain in Australia as a plasmid- encoded cytotoxin (subAB1). Subsequently, chromosomal variants including subAB2-1, subAB2-2, and subAB2-3 were described. Results In the present study a collection of 101 archived STEC strains isolated from various sources in Iran (2009–2016) were analyzed for the detection of different genes encoding the subtilase variants, plasmidic and chromosomal virulence genes, together with the phylogroup and serogroups. Overall, 57 isolates (56.4%) carried at least one variant of subAB. Most strains from small ruminants including 93% of sheep and 96% of caprine isolates carried at least one chromosomally encoded variant (subAB-2-1 and/or subAb2-2). In contrast, 12 cattle isolates (24%) only harbored the plasmid encoded variant (subAB1). STEC strains from other sources including deer, pony and humans were positive for subAB-2-1 and/or subAb2-2. Concerning the virulence markers, some strains showed an association with hosts the bacteria were isolated from. In particular, tia was associated with sheep, goats and pony isolates and astA gene was present in deer, pony and goats and terD was only found in deer and pony isolates. Only cattle STEC carried espP and epeA, the important markers of pO113 plasmid. Some genes were widespread among strain of various sources like ehly, iha and lpfO113 and some genes were not detected such as efa1, toxB and katP. Most strains belonged to phylogenetic group B1 (89.47%), but five strains from cattle, deer, pony and a goat were assigned to A phylogroup. Most cattle strains belonged to O113, while O5 was just detected in ovine isolates, and O128 and O113 were present in caprine strains. Conclusions the present study reveals the presence of potentially pathogenic genotypes among LEE-negative isolates and some host specificity related to subtilase variants and other virulence markers that may aid in source tracking of STEC during outbreak investigations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Distribution and Molecular Analysis of Subtilase Cytotoxin Gene (subAB) Variants in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (STEC) Isolated From Different Sources in Iran

Badouei

Jajarmi

Narimani

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…SubAB intraperitoneal injection in mice led to striking resemblances with STEC-associated HUS in humans, as well as to leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and renal cell and liver damage [91]. The contribution of SubAB to human HUS pathophysiology is currently unclear but is thought to act in synergy with Shiga toxins to enhance clinical manifestations of STEC infections [92,93].…”

Section: Subtilase Cytotoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

AB5 Enterotoxin-Mediated Pathogenesis: Perspectives Gleaned from Shiga Toxins

Biernbaum

Kudva

2022

Toxins

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Foodborne diseases affect an estimated 600 million people worldwide annually, with the majority of these illnesses caused by Norovirus, Vibrio, Listeria, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. To elicit infections in humans, bacterial pathogens express a combination of virulence factors and toxins. AB5 toxins are an example of such toxins that can cause various clinical manifestations, including dehydration, diarrhea, kidney damage, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Treatment of most bacterial foodborne illnesses consists of fluid replacement and antibiotics. However, antibiotics are not recommended for infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) because of the increased risk of HUS development, although there are conflicting views and results in this regard. Lack of effective treatment strategies for STEC infections pose a public health threat during outbreaks; therefore, the debate on antibiotic use for STEC infections could be further explored, along with investigations into antibiotic alternatives. The overall goal of this review is to provide a succinct summary on the mechanisms of action and the pathogenesis of AB5 and related toxins, as expressed by bacterial foodborne pathogens, with a primary focus on Shiga toxins (Stx). The role of Stx in human STEC disease, detection methodologies, and available treatment options are also briefly discussed.

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“…This BiP cleavage by SubAB triggers the ER stress response mediated by protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) ( Wolfson et al., 2008 ), which leads to cell death ( May et al., 2010 ; Paton et al., 2006 ; Wolfson et al., 2008 ; Yahiro et al., 2010 , 2012 ) and damage in mice including hemorrhagic colitis ( Furukawa et al., 2011 ; Wang et al., 2007 , 2011 ). The subAB gene was detected in some LEE-negative STEC strains including clinical human isolates ( Fierz et al., 2017 ; Hoang Minh et al., 2015 ; Khaitan et al., 2007 ; Paton et al., 2004 ), which suggests that SubAB may exacerbate clinical symptoms of STEC infections ( Galli et al., 2010 ; Velandia et al., 2011 ). However, the role of SubAB in STEC infections remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtilase cytotoxin from Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli impairs the inflammasome and exacerbates enteropathogenic bacterial infection

et al. 2022

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Occurrence of subtilase cytotoxin and relation with other virulence factors in verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from food and cattle in Argentina

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Distribution and Molecular Analysis of Subtilase Cytotoxin Gene (subAB) Variants in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (STEC) Isolated From Different Sources in Iran

Distribution and Molecular Analysis of Subtilase Cytotoxin Gene (subAB) Variants in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (STEC) Isolated From Different Sources in Iran

AB5 Enterotoxin-Mediated Pathogenesis: Perspectives Gleaned from Shiga Toxins

Subtilase cytotoxin from Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli impairs the inflammasome and exacerbates enteropathogenic bacterial infection

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