Antimicrobial properties of sclerotiorin, isocHromophilone VI and pencolide, metabolites from a Brazilian cerrado isolate of Penicillium sclerotiorum van Beyma

Abstract

As a part of a research program that aims to identify antibacterial and antifungal substances from fungus specimen of Brazilian's cerrado soil samples, Penicillium sclerotiorum was identified as a source of secondary metabolites possessing antibiotic activities. This microorganism was cultured in a liquid medium rich in glucose for fifteen days. The resulting ethyl acetate extract was chemically fractionated leading to the isolation of three metabolites -pencolide, sclerotiorin and isochromophilone VI. The antimicrobial disc assay activity of these substances towards Candida albicans, Streptomyces pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli was performed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds was determined. All compounds showed distinguished antimicrobial activities.

Evaluation of certain Penicillium frequentans isolates against Cercospora leaf spot disease of sugar beet

“…Different letters indicate significant differences among isolates according to Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05) these isolates to inhibit the pathogen is due to the production of some toxic substances and hydrolytic enzymes such as pectinase and cellulase, which could degrade the cell wall of the pathogen. Obtained results agree with those reported by several authors, (Rancic et al 2006), who found that Penicillium species produce a much diversified range of active secondary metabolites, including antibacterial (Lucas et al 2007) and antifungal substances (Nicoletti et al 2007) and also potent mycotoxins (Frisvad and Samson 2004).…”

“…Carlton et al (1976) reported that Penicillium species have been also suppressing the bacterial growth in a number of studies. A much diversified array of active secondary metabolites, including potent mycotoxins (Frisvad and Samson 2004) and antibacterial (Rancic et al 2006;Lucas et al 2007) and antifungal substances (Nicoletti et al 2007). These secondary metabolites of Penicillium species have been identified as well as proved their biological activities (Silva et al 2004).…”

Azaphilone and Isocoumarin Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum PSU-A13

“…The genus Penicillium has the efficiency to produce bioactive substances, for instance, antimicrobial isochromophilone VI, 1) antifungal xestodecalactone B, 2) and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) atrovenetinone methyl acetal. 3) Our previous investigation on two endophytic fungi isolated from Garcinia atroviridis resulted in the isolation of an antifungal pyrone against Microsporum gypseum SH-MU-4 and an antioxidant naphthol from P. paxilli PSU-A71 4) and the xylariaceous fungus PSU-A80, 5) respectively.…”

Identification and Characterization of Novel Compounds Blocking Shiga Toxin Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7

“…Although natural maleimides are rare in nature, several small compounds containing a modified maleimide moiety have been identified in fungal and bacterial organisms. Pencolide, produced by Penicillium strains, exhibits both bacteriostatic and fungicidal activity (Lucas et al, 2007), while the fungal compound farinomalein shows potent activity against plant pathogen oomycetes (Putri et al, 2014). A Streptomycin showdoensis maleimide compound, showdomycin, targets oxidoreductases, and transferases involved in major cellular functions associated with virulence, growth, and persistance in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains (Böttcher and Sieber, 2010).…”