Serological and molecular diversity of human rotavirus in São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

From a total of 187 fecal samples from children with ages between 0 and 5 years, collected in the Hospital Universitário -USP, Brazil, from 1994 to 1996, 54 (28.9%) were positive for rotavirus. Positive samples were characterized by electropherotyping, subgrouping, G serotype and genotype and P genotype. Rotavirus electropherotypes were characterized in four different long genome patterns (38.9%), one short genome pattern (34.0%) and 18.0% were characterized as an unusual pattern. Subgroup I was found in 38.9% strains, subgroup II in 50.0% and 7.7% was subgroup nonI-nonII. For G serotypes, G2 was found in 59.3%, G1 was identified in 33.3% of strains, two samples showed mixtures of G1+G2 and one sample was G1+G3. Ten samples characterized as serotype G2 showed a long eletropherotype. Genotype G2 was the most frequently and was found in 37 (44.0%) samples (23 samples as a single genotype and 14 as mixtures of genotypes). G1 was found in 15 samples. G3 and G4 was detected mainly in mixtures of genotypes and G5, G6 and G9 were identified only in mixtures. A total of 20 (38.5%) samples were characterized as G genotype mixtures and P mixtures were found in 16 (29.6%) samples. P [4] was found in 55.6% of samples, P[8] in 51.9% and P[6-M37 like] in 22.3% of cases. P[6-Gottfried like] and P[11] were detected only in mixtures. One sample with G6 specificity, mixed with a G2 rotavirus and a P[11] strain, mixed with P[4] and P[8]strain was described for the first time in Latin America.

Rotavirus infection in a tertiary hospital: laboratory diagnosis and impact of immunization on pediatric hospitalization

“…[32][33][34] In this study, we evaluated different antigen detection tests for establishing the diagnosis of rotavirus infection in stool samples from children with gastroenteritis. The prevalence of RV-associated diarrhea of 25.6% (75/293) was similar to that reported in Brazil 35,36 and in other countries. 37,38 PAGE is an important tool to understand the epidemiology of RV and it was chosen as the gold standard test due to its specificity and practicability and also, because it detects non-A RV.…”

Severe diarrhea outbreak in beef calves (Bos indicus) caused by G6P[11], an emergent genotype of bovine rotavirus group A

“…The G6P [11] is an emerging RVA genotype that was previously described in diarrheic fecal samples from animals (cattle, lamb, and pig) and humans worldwide (Munford et al 2007, Martini et al 2008, Monini et al 2008, De Grazia et al 2011, Sherif et al 2011, Yamamoto et al 2011, Gazal et al 2012, Midgley et al 2012. In Brazilian cattle herds the BoRVA genotype G6P [11] was only identified in diarrheic fecal samples in lower frequency in cross-sectional epidemiological studies (Brito et al 2000, Buzinaro et al 2009, Caruzo et al 2010, Silva et al 2012.…”

Detection and characterization of human rotavirus in hospitalized patients in the cities of Ponta Grossa, Londrina and Assai - PR, Brazil

“…Although in general, greater incidence has been attributed to G1 worldwide, in Brazil, however, temporally/seasonally there has been a change of prevalence between G1 and G2, as demonstrated elsewhere. 29,37 In our study, the greater incidence of G2 may be explained by geographical features or due to the small sampling. Nevertheless, these results demonstrated the occurrence of G types common in most of the countries, including Brazil 9,10,37 combined with P[4] or P [8].…”

“…26,27 In this study RV-A, as a rule, accounted for 97.1% of the cases, as most of the world reports have demonstrated. [28][29][30] The electropherotypes of these strains of RV-A showed a slight predominance of short pattern in comparison to the long-pattern strains, albeit, unusual, this has been reported in India. 31 In general, the predominance of long e-types has been reported throughout the world, [32][33][34][35][36] however, variation has been shown according to some genotypes.…”