Effect of benzene compounds from plants on the growth and hyphal morphology in Neurospora crassa

Neves, Fabrícia Mendonça; Kawano, Cristina; Said, Suraia

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822005000200016

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Generally, low molecular weight phenolic compounds are toxic to fungi at relatively low concentrations, but differences between compounds and fungal species have been reported (Buswell and Eriksson, 1994; Guiraud et al, 1995; Neves et al, 2005). None of the 10 aromatics tested in this study inhibited growth of D. squalens at 0.2 mM concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The White-Rot Basidiomycete Dichomitus squalens Shows Highly Specific Transcriptional Response to Lignocellulose-Related Aromatic Compounds

Kowalczyk

Peng

Pawlowski

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Lignocellulosic plant biomass is an important feedstock for bio-based economy. In particular, it is an abundant renewable source of aromatic compounds, which are present as part of lignin, as side-groups of xylan and pectin, and in other forms, such as tannins. As filamentous fungi are the main organisms that modify and degrade lignocellulose, they have developed a versatile metabolism to convert the aromatic compounds that are toxic at relatively low concentrations to less toxic ones. During this process, fungi form metabolites some of which represent high-value platform chemicals or important chemical building blocks, such as benzoic, vanillic, and protocatechuic acid. Especially basidiomycete white-rot fungi with unique ability to degrade the recalcitrant lignin polymer are expected to perform highly efficient enzymatic conversions of aromatic compounds, thus having huge potential for biotechnological exploitation. However, the aromatic metabolism of basidiomycete fungi is poorly studied and knowledge on them is based on the combined results of studies in variety of species, leaving the overall picture in each organism unclear. Dichomitus squalens is an efficiently wood-degrading white-rot basidiomycete that produces a diverse set of extracellular enzymes targeted for lignocellulose degradation, including oxidative enzymes that act on lignin. Our recent study showed that several intra- and extracellular aromatic compounds were produced when D. squalens was cultivated on spruce wood, indicating also versatile aromatic metabolic abilities for this species. In order to provide the first molecular level systematic insight into the conversion of plant biomass derived aromatic compounds by basidiomycete fungi, we analyzed the transcriptomes of D. squalens when grown with 10 different lignocellulose-related aromatic monomers. Significant differences for example with respect to the expression of lignocellulose degradation related genes, but also putative genes encoding transporters and catabolic pathway genes were observed between the cultivations supplemented with the different aromatic compounds. The results demonstrate that the transcriptional response of D. squalens is highly dependent on the specific aromatic compounds present suggesting that instead of a common regulatory system, fine-tuned regulation is needed for aromatic metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The White-Rot Basidiomycete Dichomitus squalens Shows Highly Specific Transcriptional Response to Lignocellulose-Related Aromatic Compounds

Kowalczyk

Peng

Pawlowski

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Directive 2008/50/EC (European Commission, 2008 defines VOCs as organic compounds from anthropogenic and biogenic sources, other than methane, that are capable of producing photochemical oxidants by reactions with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight. Benzene sources include natural emissions from vegetation and oceans (Misztal et al, 2015), microbial decomposition (Neves et al, 2005), wildfires (Wentworth et al, 2018), and volcanoes (Tassi et al, 2015); anthropogenic emissions mainly from vehicles that use fossil fuels (von Schneidemesser et al, 2010); and, in central and northern European countries, emissions from the combustion of wood used for domestic heating (Hellén et al, 2008). It is also present in tobacco smoke (Darrall et al, 1998) and in a wide range of industrial and household products (solvents, adhesives, paints and cleaning products) and is also a raw material for the synthesis of other products, such as dyes, detergents, plastics and explosives (Guenther et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diffuse emissions may occur in its manufacture or during its use in the aforementioned syntheses. In this sense, 9500 Mt of TCM were estimated to be emitted in 192 countries in 2007 (Penny et al, 2010). However, since the entry into force of the Montreal Protocol, there has been a progressive decrease in the environmental presence of TCM, with a decrease in (Valeri et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interference of tetrachloromethane in the measurement of benzene in the air by a gas chromatography–photoionisation detector (GC-PID)

et al. 2019

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The European Union requires that benzene in the air is continuously measured due to its toxicity and widespread presence in the population nuclei, mainly motivated by vehicle emissions. The reference measuring technique is gas chromatography (GC). Automatic chromatographs used in monitoring stations must verify the operating conditions established in Standard EN 14662 part 3, which includes a type approval section with a number of tests that analysers must pass. Among these tests, the potential interference of a number of compounds is evaluated. The 2005 version of the mentioned standard requires the evaluation of the potential interference of tetrachloromethane (TCM). The 2015 version eliminates TCM as a potential interferent. Although most consumer uses of TCM have been banned, recent studies have measured significant concentrations of TCM in the air. In this paper, the potential interference of TCM in benzene measurements obtained with gas chromatography coupled to a photoionisation detector (GC-PID) has been investigated. Our study shows that the simultaneous presence of benzene and TCM causes a significant decrease in benzene readings. For TCM concentrations of 0.7 µg m −3 (typical of urban areas) and 4.5 µg m −3 (detected in the vicinity of landfills), the relative errors in benzene measurements were 34 % and 70 %, respectively, which are far too high compared to the maximum overall uncertainty allowed for benzene measurements (25 %). Possible mechanisms to qualitatively and quantitatively explain the behaviour of the PID when measuring benzene with and without TCM have been proposed.

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“…Compounds containing a benzyl group in their structures have been reported to be inhibitory to fungal growth; for example, cinnamic acid reduced the growth of Neurospora crassa (Shear & B.O. Dodge) by approximately 94% after 24 h incubation (Said et al, 2004;Neves et al, 2005). This hypothesis needs to be investigated further through the synthesis of appropriate compounds and testing their inhibitory activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin inhibits the growth ofLeptosphaeria maculansandAlternaria brassicae

Sharma

Rahman

Liang

et al. 2010

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Blackleg and blackspot are economically important diseases of canola caused by Leptosphaeria maculans and Alternaria brassicae, respectively, and can lead to significant crop losses. In this study, we investigated the effects of cytokinins on the symptoms caused by these two pathogens. We observed that cytokinin, especially 6-benzyl amino purine, was able to significantly reduce disease symptoms and mycelial growth within plant tissues. This cytokinin was also able to inhibit the in vitro growth of both fungi. Other cytokinins such as kinetin or adenine hemisulfate were unable to inhibit fungal growth in vitro, suggesting that the presence of a benzene ring structure is required for the inhibitory effects observed. Our findings are discussed within the context of plant-pathogen interactions.Résumé: La jambe noire et l'alternariose sont des maladies du canola causées par Leptosphaeria maculans et Alternaria brassicae, respectivement qui peuvent engendrer de lourdes pertes de rendement, d'où leur grande importance économique. Dans cette étude, nous avons examiné les effets des cytokinines sur les symptômes causés par ces deux agents pathogènes. Nous avons observé que la cytokinine, particulièrement la 6-benzylaminopurine, pouvait atténuer notablement les symptômes de la maladie et la croissance mycélienne dans les tissus de la plante. Cette cytokinine pouvait également inhiber la croissance in vitro des deux champignons. D'autres cytokinines, comme la kinétine ou l'hémisulfate d'adénine, ont pu inhiber la croissance fongique in vitro, ce qui suggère que, pour induire les effets inhibiteurs, un noyau benzénique est requis. Nos résultats sont examinés en fonction des interactions plante-agent pathogène.

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Effect of benzene compounds from plants on the growth and hyphal morphology in Neurospora crassa

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

The White-Rot Basidiomycete Dichomitus squalens Shows Highly Specific Transcriptional Response to Lignocellulose-Related Aromatic Compounds

The White-Rot Basidiomycete Dichomitus squalens Shows Highly Specific Transcriptional Response to Lignocellulose-Related Aromatic Compounds

The interference of tetrachloromethane in the measurement of benzene in the air by a gas chromatography–photoionisation detector (GC-PID)

Cytokinin inhibits the growth ofLeptosphaeria maculansandAlternaria brassicae

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