Cross protection by heat and cold shock to lethal temperatures in Clostridium perfringens

Changes in barotolerance, thermotolerance, and cellular morphology throughout the life cycle of Listeria monocytogenes were investigated. For part 1 of this analysis, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 was grown to log, stationary, death, and long-term-survival phases at 35°C in tryptic soy broth with yeast extract (TSBYE). Cells were diluted in whole milk that had been subjected to ultrahigh temperatures (UHT whole milk) and then high-pressure processed (HPP) at 400 MPa for 180 s or thermally processed at 62.8°C for 30 s. As cells transitioned from the log to the long-term-survival phase, the D 400 MPa and D 62.8°C values increased 10-and 19-fold, respectively. Cells decreased in size as they transitioned from the log to the long-term-survival phase. Rod-shaped cells transitioned to cocci as they entered the late-death and long-term-survival phases. L. monocytogenes strains F5069 and Scott A showed similar results. For part 2 of the analysis, cells in long-termsurvival phase were centrifuged, suspended in fresh TSBYE, and incubated at 35°C. As cells transitioned from the long-term-survival phase to log and the stationary phase, they increased in size and log reductions increased following HPP or heat treatment. In part 3 of this analysis, cells in long-term-survival phase were centrifuged, suspended in UHT whole milk, and incubated at 4°C. After HPP or heat treatment, similar results were observed as for part 2. We hypothesize that cells of L. monocytogenes enter a dormant, long-term-survival phase and become more barotolerant and thermotolerant due to cytoplasmic condensation when they transition from rods to cocci. Further research is needed to test this hypothesis and to determine the practical significance of these findings.

show abstract

“…This might be due to the protective effect of milk and/or induction of protective cold shock proteins at 4°C (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Barotolerance, Thermotolerance, and Cellular Morphology throughout the Life Cycle of Listeria monocytogenes

Wen

Anantheswaran

Knabel

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2000, 2002). Furthermore, cross‐protection was observed between cold and heat shock (Garcia et al. 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clostridium perfringens induces a stress response after exposure to heat, acid or cold (Heredia et al 1998;Villarreal et al 2000Villarreal et al , 2002. Furthermore, cross-protection was observed between cold and heat shock (Garcia et al 2001). However, little information about the physiological process of the stress response is available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular protectants produced byClostridium perfringenscells at elevated temperatures

Heredia

Ybarra

García-Hernández

et al. 2009

Letters in Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: The mechanisms of adaptation of Clostridium perfringens to high temperatures are not well understood. In this work, the involvement of extracellular compounds in protection to heat was determined. Methods and Results: Cells were grown in fluid thioglycollate medium or chicken broth. When mid‐log phase was reached, they were heat‐shocked at 50°C for 30 min. Then cultures were centrifuged and supernatants were transferred to nonshocked cells. Heat tolerance of these cells was performed at 55°C. Viable cells were determined. In some cases, supernatants were heated at 65°C or 100°C or treated with trypsin. Supernatants were fractionated and PAGE was made of fractions showing heat‐protective activity. When C. perfringens was exposed to a heat shock at 50°C, extracellular factors were found in the culture supernatant that provided protection to cells not exposed to a heat shock. The extracellular factors were sensitive to heat and trypsin treatment suggesting a protein component. SDS‐PAGE analysis of supernatant fractions from heat‐treated cells revealed two induced proteins (56 and 125 kDa) that could be involved in heat tolerance. Conclusion: In this work, the presence and thermoprotective activity of extracellular factors produced by C. perfringens under a heat shock was demonstrated. Significance and Impact of the Study: The detection of thermoprotective extracellular factors of C. perfringens will aid in our understanding of the physiology of survival of C. perfringens in foods.

show abstract

“…Under starvation, Pba , as with many other bacterial species [33–35], becomes resistant to a number of stressors. In the present study, we additionally show that in Pba , maximal level of cross-protection is reached within 24 hour of starvation and does not increase further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Gene Expression Analysis of Cross-Protected Phenotype of Pectobacterium atrosepticum

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to adapt to adverse conditions permits many bacterial species to be virtually ubiquitous and survive in a variety of ecological niches. This ability is of particular importance for many plant pathogenic bacteria that should be able to exist, except for their host plants, in different environments e.g. soil, water, insect-vectors etc. Under some of these conditions, bacteria encounter absence of nutrients and persist, acquiring new properties related to resistance to a variety of stress factors (cross-protection). Although many studies describe the phenomenon of cross-protection and several regulatory components that induce the formation of resistant cells were elucidated, the global comparison of the physiology of cross-protected phenotype and growing cells has not been performed. In our study, we took advantage of RNA-Seq technology to gain better insights into the physiology of cross-protected cells on the example of a harmful phytopathogen, Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba) that causes crop losses all over the world. The success of this bacterium in plant colonization is related to both its virulence potential and ability to persist effectively under various stress conditions (including nutrient deprivation) retaining the ability to infect plants afterwards. In our previous studies, we showed Pba to be advanced in applying different adaptive strategies that led to manifestation of cell resistance to multiple stress factors. In the present study, we determined the period necessary for the formation of cross-protected Pba phenotype under starvation conditions, and compare the transcriptome profiles of non-adapted growing cells and of adapted cells after the cross-protective effect has reached the maximal level. The obtained data were verified using qRT-PCR. Genes that were expressed differentially (DEGs) in two cell types were classified into functional groups and categories using different approaches. As a result, we portrayed physiological features that distinguish cross-protected phenotype from the growing cells.

show abstract

Cross protection by heat and cold shock to lethal temperatures in Clostridium perfringens

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Changes in Barotolerance, Thermotolerance, and Cellular Morphology throughout the Life Cycle of Listeria monocytogenes

Changes in Barotolerance, Thermotolerance, and Cellular Morphology throughout the Life Cycle of Listeria monocytogenes

Extracellular protectants produced byClostridium perfringenscells at elevated temperatures

Global Gene Expression Analysis of Cross-Protected Phenotype of Pectobacterium atrosepticum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About