A method for the determination of two Alternaria toxins, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, in tomato products

Abstract

Tomatoes, as any soft skinned fruit, are easily susceptible to fungal rot. Alternaria is the genus most frequently encountered in tomatoes. A. alternata and other spp. have been shown to produce the toxins alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and alternariol (AOH) in tomatoes. A method for determining AME and AOH in tomato products was developed and evaluated. The method involves extraction with methanol, clarification with ammonium sulfate, and partition to chloroform. Quantification was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (DAD). Average recoveries were 98.7% and 84.1% for AME and AOH, respectively. The quantification limits of the method, defined as the minimum amount that allowed quantification and confirmation by the DAD detector, were 2.0 ng/g for AME and 5.0 ng/ g for AOH.

Isolation, characterization and toxicological potential of Alternaria-mycotoxins (TeA, AOH and AME) in different Alternaria species from various regions of India

“…Alternaria mycotoxins have been frequently isolated and reported in fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, citrus fruits, Japanese pears, prune nectar, red currant, carrots, barley, oats, olives, mandarins, melons, peppers, apples, raspberries, cranberries, grapes, sunflower seeds, oilseed rape meals, flax seeds, linseeds, pecans, melons, lentils, wheat and other grains 1 – 3 , 5 , 23 – 29 . Recently Alternaria mycotoxins have been analysed and determined using some of the advanced, highly developed and separation techniques such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and gas chromatography (GC) techniques 30 – 33 . However, in all the above techniques HPLC is the most extensively used technique for the detection of Alternaria toxins 3 , 25 , 27 , 34 .…”

The protective effect of hulls on the occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in spelt wheat

“…The presence of these compounds in the food chain is an increasing concern for human health due to their possible harmful effects . Alternaria toxins are detected in many agricultural commodities including cereals, sunflower seeds, linseed and peas, tomatoes, apples, citruses and other foodstuffs and beverages . There is a wide range of Alternaria toxins, such as alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuen (ALT), altertoxins (ATX‐I, ‐II and ‐III) and tenuazonic acid (TeA), but only few of them are associated with health risk.…”

Survey of Brazilian tomato products for alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid and cyclopiazonic acid

“…AME and AOH were determined as described by da Motta and Valente Soares (2000a). Samples were extracted with methanol.…”