Soil characterization for adobe mixtures containing Portland cement as stabilizer

Abstract

One of the most economical ways to build with soil is to use adobe technique. There are several types of soils and most of them are not suitable for using to construct buildings. Physical and chemical characteristics of the soils will influence on its performance to use for buildings. This work aims to characterize physically, chemically and mineralogically two soil samples and study the dosage of mixtures for adobe using Portland cement as stabilizer. It was studied three different Portland cement content (6%, 9% and 12%) in the soil. The results showed that compressive strength of up to 5 MPa at 28 days for both type of soils studied with 12% of Portland cement. In addition, a comparison between two methods used for the particle size analysis of the soils. It was observed that the results differed in each method analysis. Overall this work has shown that to use these soils for adobe bricks, 9% of Portland cement is enough to reach the minimum compressive strength required by standard. Furthermore, this research brings results about the determination of the clay content of the soil, indicating that the traditional method to determine the size distribution curve by sieving and sedimentation may not be the most suitable to check this clay content.

Mechanical and damage similarities of adobe blocks reinforced with natural and industrial fibres

“…Sieve analysis and Atterberg limits test were performed following the standards ASTM D7928 [19] and ASTM D4318 [20]. Figure 1 presents the sieve analysis of the soil used for this study (solid line), as well as the sieve analysis from other authors to use them as a reference [21][22][23][24]. As can be seen, the particle size distribution of soil used in our study is within the particle size distribution of the ones used by other researchers.…”

“…Atterberg limits are presented in Table1, and the soil classification following the Unified Soil Classification System is well-graded clayey sand [25]. Figure 1: Gradation curves of this study (solid line) and worked by NIÑO VILLAMIZAR et al [21] (long-dashed line), DUARTE et al [22] (dotted and dashed lines), SANTOS et al [23] (small-long dashed line) and FABBRI et al [24] (dot-dashed line)…”

‘In the interest of your bank and our country’: Two encounters between China and the International Chamber of Commerce

“…115 After lengthy negotiation, 116 the committee was renamed the Chinese Taipei Business Council in 1988. 117 Chen-Fu Koo, the committee's chairman, played a critical role in the change. 118 Koo, fulfilling the same role as K. P. Chen in the 1920s, had substantial business interests in China.…”

Hydrothermally-calcined waste paper ash nanomaterial as an alternative to cement for clay soil modification for building purposes

“…One way of achieving such an improvement is by thermal treatment, a technique which involves firing clay bricks at high temperatures in a kiln [2][3][4]. Another effective method of clay modification is chemical treatment using Portland cement [5][6][7]. However, the said methods portend great dangers.…”