Elastic modulus evaluation of Titania nanotubes obtained by anodic oxidation

Abstract

The use of titania (TiO 2 ) nanotubes is becoming one of the most attractive techniques as surface treatment for implants due its combination of morphology (that accelerates osteoblast adhesion and proliferation), bioactivity and possibility of being use as a drug vehicle. Anodic oxidation is one of the cheapest and simplest approaches to obtain highly ordered nanotubes. Parameters such as applied potential, reaction time and fluoride containing in the electrolyte define the nanotubes morphology. However, the mechanical properties of the nanotubes layer do not have been completely elucidated and they play a crucial role in the implant long term stability. The objective of this research was to obtain TiO 2 nanotubes using anodic oxidation and to determine their elastic modulus and hardness. The TiO 2 nanotubes layer was obtained in a fluoride containing electrolyte for 1 hour, one group at 15 V and another one at 25 V. The TiO 2 nanotubes morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The elastic modulus and hardness were evaluated by nanoindentation experiments using a spherical tip. SEM images showed highly ordered nanotubes on all titanium surfaces and it was observed that the nanotubes diameters are directly related with the applied potential. Nanotubes diameters are 66 ± 9 nm and 131 ± 22 nm for nanotubes obtained at 15 V and 25 V, respectively. Nanoindentation test results showed a decrease in the elastic modulus comparing with titanium reference and these values approach to cortical bone elastic modulus. These results demonstrate that it was possible to obtain a homogeneous TiO 2 nanotubes layer that has mechanical properties adequate to improve implant long-term stability.

Effect of the incorporation of carbon in the structure of TiO2 anodized with HCl on the mechanical and tribological properties

“…According to Santos [25], the nanotubes on the surface of TiO 2 decrease the elastic capacity since the reversibility of the deformation generated by the nanoindenter is difficult, but it is as in the nanohardness that the presence of carbon can minimize the said effect. The work by Pharr et al [26] shows how the carbon films obtained by a cathodic arc and sputtering react better to the nanoindentation test than the substrate used, so it is thanks to this element that there is the possibility of enhancing these qualities.…”

Evolution of nanomechanical properties and crystallinity of individual titanium dioxide nanotube resonators

“…[24,25] So far mechanical properties of TiO2 nanotubes have been investigated only with direct compressive measurements. Most of the analyses were performed on nanotubes array by means of nanoindentation approach, where a rigid nanometric tip is pressed on the top surface of the material while the applied force and deformation of the nanotubes are recorded [26][27][28][29][30][31]. Young's modulus values obtained with this technique were very scattered, ranging from 36-43 GPa [28] up to 80-95 GPa [31], because of the non-uniform shape of the nanostructured arrays.…”

A Importância Da Preparação Médica No Salvamento a Desastres

“…A escolha do material a ser implantado varia de acordo com a resposta bioativa do mesmo, que, por sua vez, está intrinsecamente ligada às suas propriedades. Com uma baixa densidade e uma boa resistência à corrosão, o titânio e suas ligas se tornam mais atraentes do que outros materiais utilizados como implantes (DE SOUZA, 2014;SANTOS, 2014).…”