“…The IR spectrum shows no evidence for the presence of organic intermediates in the samples, except for the band at around 3450 cm −1 , which is related to the O H stretching vibration mode of water molecules [37,38], all peaks are characteristics of the materials studied [37,39]. The bands in the region between 860 and 400 cm −1 indicating the presence of M O bonds [40], while the absorption peaks at approximately 500 cm −1 are assigned to the Zr O vibration [40,41]. However, the CO 2 vibration peaks are observed in the spectrum at 1620-1500 cm −1 , corresponding to C O bond [38,42], most notably for Li 2 ZrO 3 and CaLiZrO 3 oxides.…”