Development and evaluation of floating microspheres of verapamil hydrochloride

Gastroretentive dosage forms: A review with special emphasis on floating drug delivery systems

“…In comparison to γ-scintigraphy, radiology is a more simple and cost effective technique. However, limitations regarding exposure to X-rays decline its popularity because for optimum evaluation of buoyancy a high amount of contrasting agent (BaSo 4 ) is generally required (Tanwar et al, 2007b). Radiographs were taken after ingestion of the dosage form, to locate the floating and non-floating (fabricated) dosage forms at various periodic time intervals (Iannuccelli et al, 1998;Baumgartner, et al, 2000;Klausner et al, 2003a).…”

Decades of research in drug targeting using gastroretentive drug delivery systems for antihypertensive therapy

“…The beads prepared by using medium molecular weight chitosan showed good floating characteristics and floating lag time was found to be 5 min with total buoyancy duration of >6 h. The formulations exhibited a kinetic model of combined mechanism(s) of diffusion, partially through a swollen matrix and partially through water-filled pores. Floating microspheres (251.80 to 350.75 µm) of verapamil HCl by solvent-diffusion evaporation method using cellulose acetate, Acrycoat S100 and Eudragit S100 have been prepared by Tanwar, Naruka and Ojha (2008). The microspheres showed prolonged drug release and remained buoyant for more than 12 h that is nearly two times the value reported for gastroretentive beads reported by Eldeen et al (2006).…”

“…Mullen, Stevens and Eccleston (2011) got patented an invention in which an active agent is designed to be released in a prolonged manner at a point of time some time after administration of the active agent. The present invention is particularly suitable for administering an agent that may be released while the subject is sleeping, shortly before waking up and continues to administer Losartan (Chen, 2010), propranolol (Chinta, Graves, Pamujula, 2009;Srikanth et al, 2012), furosemide (Ozdemir, Ordu, Ozkan, 2000;Sahu, Singh, Verma, 2011), verapamil (Elkheshen, Yassin, 2004;Sawicki, 2002), captopril (Martinez, Ramirez, Robles, 2010;Nur, Zhang, 2000), nimodipine (Barmpalexis, Kachrimanis, Georgarakis, 2011;Wu et al, 1997), nicorandil (Nath, Ahmed, 2016), quinapril (Mali, Bathe, 2015), amlodipine (Ramasubramaniyan et al, 2015), atenolol (Charan, Meher, Pochaiah, 2013), metoprolol (Ratnaparkhi, Garje, Chaudhari, 2013) Microspheres Lacidipine (Sultana et al, 2009), diltiazem (Ma et al, 2008), propranolol (Adebisi, Conway, 2011;Patel et al, 2006), furosemide (Iannuccelli et al, 2000), verapamil (Tanwar, Naruka, Ojha, 2008), nifedipine (Soppimath et al, 2006), carvedilol (Zhang et al, 2016) Capsules Nicardipine (Moursy et al, 2003), lisinopril (Semwal's, 2014), lercanidipine (Pandey et al, 2013) Granules Diltiazem (Shimpi et al, 2004) Films Furosemide (Darandale, Vavia, 2012), captopril (Sathish et al, 2013;Pathak, Mishra, 2013) Beads Diltiazem (Saxena et al, 2016), furosemide (ElMeshad, El-Ashmoony, 2012), verapamil …”

Gastroretentive microparticles for drug delivery applications

“…healthy beagle dogs (Tanwar et al, 2007). In this study, the animals were fasted for 12 hours and the first X-ray was photographed to ensure absence of radio-opaque materials in the stomach.…”