Determinação de esteróides androgênicos anabólicos em urina por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas

Campos, Daniel Rossi de; Yonamine, Maurı́cio; Alves, Maria Janieire de Nazaré Nunes; Moreau, Regina Lúcia de Moraes

doi:10.1590/s1516-93322005000400009

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Doping urine test was performed with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UPLC‐MS/MS) in both groups to document the presence of AAS. In addition, the testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) concentration ratio in the urine was obtained as previously reported . A T/E ratio greater than 6 indicates testosterone abuse…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograde and oscillatory shear rate in young anabolic androgenic steroid users

Souza

Sales

Santos

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Disturbed shear rate (SR), characterized by increased retrograde and oscillatory SR in the brachial artery, is associated with inflammation, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and sympathetic hyperactivity. Young subjects do not have disturbed SR; however, elderly subjects do, which seems to be associated with sympathetic hyperactivity. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse in young is associated with increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). We hypothesized that AAS users might have disturbed SR. We tested the association between retrograde and oscillatory SR with MSNA. In addition, we measured the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). We evaluated 10 male AAS users, age 27 ± 4 years, and 10 agematched AAS nonusers, age 29 ± 5 years. At rest, retrograde and oscillatory SR were evaluated by Doppler ultrasound, MSNA was measured with microneurography, and hs-CRP was measured in blood sample. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was also assessed. AAS users had higher retrograde SR (24.42 ± 17.25 vs 9.15 ± 6.62 s −1 , P = 0.01), oscillatory SR (0.22 ± 0.13 vs 0.09 ± 0.07 au P = 0.01), and MSNA (42 ± 9 vs 32 ± 4 bursts/100 heart beats, P = 0.018) than nonusers. MSNA (bursts/100 heart beats) was correlated with retrograde SR (r = 0.50, P = 0.050) and oscillatory SR (r = 0.51, P = 0.042). AAS users had higher hs-CRP [1.17 (0.44-3.63) vs 0.29 (0.17-0.70) mg/L, P = 0.015] and decreased FMD (6.42 ± 2.07 vs 8.28% ± 1.53%, P = 0.035) than nonusers. In conclusion, AAS abuse is associated with retrograde and oscillatory SR which were associated with augmented sympathetic outflow. In addition, AAS seems to lead to inflammation characterized by increased hs-CRP. These alterations may have the potential of increasing the early risk of atherosclerotic disease in young AAS users. K E Y W O R D S anabolic steroid, muscle sympathetic nervous activity, retrograde shear rate [Correction added on 7 December 2018, after first online publication: The panel A in figure 1 has been updated.]

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograde and oscillatory shear rate in young anabolic androgenic steroid users

Souza

Sales

Santos

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…The sports environment became a market, in which high performance is required over a short period of time inducing athletes to use all available resources, legal or not (YONAMINE, et al, 2005). Besides the ethical aspects, these substances remove physical and psychological barriers, which are aspects of particular concern as they may lead to increased chances for injury, dependence and in extremes cases death (YONAMINE, PAULA, 2008;SEGURA, et al, 1998;CAMPOS, et al, 2005). coordinating the prevention and doping control.…”

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confidence: 99%

Suor como matriz alternativa no controle do doping

Bordin¹

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Bordin, Dayanne Cristiane Mozaner. Sweat as an alternative sample in doping control. 2017. 149p. Thesis Doctor degree. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences-USP and Centre of Forensic Sciences-UTS. 2017. Sport has become a major industry of valuable awards and major investments. In an attempt to overcome opponents, many athletes resort to illegal means to improve their performance. The World Antidoping Agency (WADA) prohibits drug use in sport. In addition to the ethical aspects, drug use can cause serious damage to an athletes' health by directly influencing physiological capacity and removing physical and psychological barriers, and their health damage may be irreversible. Urine is the standard matrix used in doping control; however, these analyses can also be performed on alternative biological samples; such as sweat. Toxicological analysis in sweat samples present some advantages over urine, such as less chance of sample tampering, greater detection window, noninvasive collection, besides the possibility of finding mainly the parent drugs. The use of sweat as an alternative sample also allows obtaining a history of exposure to drug abuse. The identification of doping cases has been an important area of research and development in recent years due to the continued increase in the number of prohibited substances. For the detection of prohibited substances, sophisticated analytical instruments such as liquid (LC), gas (GC) chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are generally used. This thesis focused on the development of methods for evaluation of sweat as an alternative biological matrix for doping control, using different methods for sample preparation and detection to overcome its limitations. In addition, an outline of the profile of drugs used for sports practice and the acute effects caused in the organism of abusers were investigated. A survey was applied to the volunteers to evaluate the adverse effects of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS), dietary supplements (DS) and multiple drug use. In parallel, it was measured the volunteers hematological and biochemical parameters. Through toxicological urinalysis, the self-report and the parameters measurement within the study revealed that the use of doping agents and drugs are subjected to different factors, which are normally guided by the type of physical activity or aesthetic appearance. This abuse can increase the chances of health problems causing synergistic side effects, increasing the risk to develop diseases. We developed of a method to determine the presence of 13 amphetamines and cocaine related substances and their metabolites in sweat and urine using Disposable Pipette Extraction (DPX) Tips and GC-MS. The validated method was used to analyze 40 urine and sweat samples whose athletes self-reported the use of drugs and/or stimulants. It was verified that all consumed drugs and metabolites detected in urine were also present in sweat samples indicating that sweat is a viable matrix to perform doping tests. We also ...

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Thermodynamic-based retention time predictions of endogenous steroids in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

et al. 2015

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This work evaluates the application of a thermodynamic model to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry for anabolic agent investigation. Doping control deals with hundreds of drugs that are prohibited in sports. Drug discovery in biological matrices is a challenging task that requires powerful tools when one is faced with the rapidly changing designer drug landscape. In this work, a thermodynamic model developed for the prediction of both primary and secondary retention times in GC × GC has been applied to trimethylsilylated hydroxyl (O-TMS)- and methoxime-trimethylsilylated carbonyl (MO-TMS)-derivatized endogenous steroids. This model was previously demonstrated on a pneumatically modulated GC × GC system, and is applied for the first time to a thermally modulated GC × GC system. Preliminary one-dimensional experiments allowed the calculation of thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔC p ) which were successfully applied for the prediction of the analytes' interactions with the stationary phases of both the first-dimension column and the second-dimension column. The model was able to predict both first-dimension and second-dimension retention times with high accuracy compared with the GC × GC experimental measurements. Maximum differences of -8.22 s in the first dimension and 0.4 s in the second dimension were encountered for the O-TMS derivatives of 11β-hydroxyandrosterone and 11-ketoetiocholanolone, respectively. For the MO-TMS derivatives, the largest discrepancies were from testosterone (9.65 ) for the first-dimension retention times and 11-keto-etiocholanolone (0.4 s) for the second-dimension retention times.

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Determinação de esteróides androgênicos anabólicos em urina por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas

Abstract: Esteróides androgênicos anabólicos (EAA) são substâncias naturais, sintéticas ou semi-sintéticas derivadas da testosterona, utilizadas em atividades esportivas com o objetivo de melhorar

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Retrograde and oscillatory shear rate in young anabolic androgenic steroid users

Retrograde and oscillatory shear rate in young anabolic androgenic steroid users

Suor como matriz alternativa no controle do doping

Thermodynamic-based retention time predictions of endogenous steroids in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

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