2004
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-93322004000300028
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Cell wall deficient forms: stealth pathogens

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Cited by 23 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] Under stress conditions mycobacteria can transform into L-forms, which undergo through various morphological stages and replicate by unusual modes. 15 Although not yet proven, we hypothesize that when BCG bacilli transform into L-forms, they probably cease to be immunogenic.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] Under stress conditions mycobacteria can transform into L-forms, which undergo through various morphological stages and replicate by unusual modes. 15 Although not yet proven, we hypothesize that when BCG bacilli transform into L-forms, they probably cease to be immunogenic.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They exist as unusual morphological units, such as large and elementary bodies, vesicles, granules, filterable forms and others. [15][16][17][18][19][20] We found that BCG vaccine is able to produce under appropriate conditions filterable self-replicating L-form elements with virus-like size smaller than the size of bacterial filter pores of 0.2 mm.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although L-forms may be considered similar to bacterial protoplasts, they show a variable morphology characterized by an extreme pleomorphism, sometimes featuring a significantly enlarged diameter of 10-20 mm (Edman et al, 1968;Allan et al, 1993), compared with 1-3 mm for cells with walls. Other characteristics which distinguish L-forms from normal bacteria include specific growth requirements, loss of peptidoglycan (PG)-associated molecules and their functions, and intrinsic resistance to antibiotics interfering with cell wall synthesis such as the b-lactams (Brem and Eveland, 1967;Edman et al, 1968;Mattman, 2001). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…L-forms apparently occur in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is not clear whether these mostly older reports (reviewed by Mattman, 2001 andMadoff, 1986) actually refer to a stable or a transient state of cell wall deficiency. Spontaneous transformation to the L-form phenotype has been reported in only few species, but L-form generation can often be stimulated by exposure to inhibitors of cell wall synthesis such as antibiotics, cell wall-hydrolysing enzymes, or amino acids such as glycine or lysine which in high concentrations can also interfere with PG synthesis (Maisnier-Patin and Richard, 1996).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Far from the controversy generated about whether they really were M. tuberculosis or an environmental contaminant [41], or if they were really able to revert to the parent form or even to multiply [42], these forms seemed to be induced by the administration of antibiotics, as is the case with many other organisms [43]. Consequently, the lack of cell wall provides some advantage in the resistance against chemotherapeutic treatment by eliminating the targets to which the drugs are directed, although they would be more susceptible to changes in the environment and the chances to survive in an inflammatory area would be even lower.…”
Section: Experiments In Vitromentioning
confidence: 99%