Antimicrobial effect of a crude sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria ornata

Abstract

ABSTRACT

<b>Extraction and structural properties of <i>Acanthophora muscoides </i>(Rhodophyceae) extracellular matrix sulfated polysaccharides and their effects on coagulation

“…Sulfate ranges among different algae families, such as Gracilariaceae, Gelidiaceae and Phyllophoraceae (4-30%) (Estevez et al, 2008;Maciel et al, 2008;Amorim et al, 2012), which are the main raw material supplies for the world's agar industry (Cardozo et al, 2007). Herein, values would reflex a disorganization of the algal tissue because proteolysis attack the extracellular matrix and cleave the interaction between SPs and proteins (Rodrigues et al, 2011;Fidelis et al, 2014), especially on the surface texture from mucilage deposition on the cell-wall, as observed on vegetative cells in red algae, in which the SPs could be mainly located (Estevez et al, 2008;Miguel et al, 2014); thus, leading to obtain novel biologically active SPs (Rodrigues et al, 2009).…”

“…Such variations in the structural composition of SPs, especially those with high 3,6-anhydrogalactose content and the position of sulfation on their chains, would determine their physical and biological properties (Cardozo et al, 2007). On the other hand, the red algae cell-wall matrix SPs structural and functional features have been still few understood at level of research and their applications (Estevez et al, 2008;Rodrigues et al, 2009;Amorim et al, 2012).…”

“…Extracts containing agar-type polysaccharides have been examined for antiviral and anticoagulant effects (Duarte et al, 2004). Agar for industrial use has been extracted from Gracilariaceae, Gelidiaceae and Phyllophoraceae families, using different protocols (Cardozo et al, 2007;Maciel et al, 2008;Amorim et al, 2012). Brazilian samples of A. muscoides (Linnaeus) Bory de Saint-Vicent contained three SPs fractions (Am I, Am II and Am III), of which Am II manifested antinociception, antiinflammation (Quinderé et al, 2013), and antithrombotic effects devoid of the serpindependent action (Quinderé et al, 2014), as well as attenuated inflammation in atherogenesis in vivo (Quinderé et al, 2015).…”

<b>An anti-dengue and anti-herpetic polysulfated fraction isolated from the coenocytic green seaweed <i>Caulerpa cupressoides</i> inhibits thrombin generation in vitro

“…Although having various beneficial effects (e.g., antioxidant, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects) (Gupta & Abu-Ahannam, 2011, Pomin, 2012, Mourão, 2015, SPs are highly complex and heterogeneous polymers varying according to algal species (Cardozo et al, 2007, Toskas et al, 2011, Pomin, 2012, and are not well-explored (Ghosh et al, 2009, Pomin, 2012, Mourão, 2015. Sulfated galactans occur in Rhodophyceae (Mazumder et al, 2002, Cardozo et al, 2007, Amorim et al, 2012, Souza et al, 2015, whereas fucoidans or fucans are available in Phaeophyceae (Chotigeat et al, 2004, Athukorala, Jung, Vasanthan, & Jeon, 2006, Pomin, 2012. The genera of green algae Ulva, Enteromorpha, Monostroma, Codium, Caulerpa and Gayralia contain ulvan-type heteropolysaccharides (Patel, 2012, Wang, Wang, Wu, & Liu, 2014, Pérez et al, 2016.…”

Neuroprotective Effects of Sulphated Agaran from Marine Alga Gracilaria cornea in Rat 6‐Hydroxydopamine Parkinson's Disease Model: Behavioural, Neurochemical and Transcriptional Alterations

“…Marine algae have attracted special interest as good sources of sulphated polysaccharides (SP) and have a range of uses in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries and in biotechnology . Previous studies from our group demonstrated certain biological activities of SP, such as anticoagulant , antithrombotic , antimicrobial , antioxidant , anxiolytic , antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory activities. Furthermore, toxicological studies have reported that SP are well tolerated in experimental animals .…”