Cadmium and Chromium Toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Microcystis aeruginosa

Rodgher, Suzelei; Espíndola, Evaldo Luiz Gaeta; Simões, Fernanda Cristina Fonseca; Tonietto, Alessandra Emanuele

doi:10.1590/s1516-89132012000100020

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Among the metals of greatest environmental concern (Cd, Pb, and Zn), Cd was considered to have a major role in the toxicity exerted by water extracts due to its concentration (surpassing the US EPA criterion in all samples) and the significant correlation found with the toxicity to algae. However, cadmium alone was not sufficient to explain the observed toxicity since Cd contents in the extracts were markedly lower than IC50 and LC50 values estimated for R. subcapitata (67 µg L -1 ) and D. magna (101.17 µg L -1 ) by Rodgher et al (2012) and Shaw et al (2006) respectively. Nonetheless, previous studies by Biesinger et al (1986) and Barata et al (2002) reported additive effects in Cd-Zn mixtures that led to a toxicity increase, which could better explain the toxicity of the extracts.…”

Section: E Co To XI Co Lo G Ica L Ev a Lu A Tio Nmentioning

confidence: 67%

Ecotoxicological risks of the abandoned F–Ba–Pb–Zn mining area of Osor (Spain)

Bori

Vallès

Navarro

et al. 2016

Environ Geochem Health

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Aquesta és una còpia de la versió author's final draft d'un article publicat a la revista Environmental geochemistry and health.La publicació final està disponible a Springer a través de http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9840-2 This is a copy of the author 's final draft version of an article published in the journal Environmental geochemistry and health. AbstractDue to its potential toxic properties, metal mobilization is of major concern in areas surrounding PbZn mines. In the present study, metal contents and toxicity of soils, water extracts from soils, and mine drainage waters from an abandoned F-Ba-Pb-Zn mining area in Osor (Girona, NE Spain) were evaluated through chemical extractions and ecotoxicity bioassays. Toxicity assessment in the terrestrial compartment included lethal and sublethal endpoints on earthworms Eisenia foetida, arthropods Folsomia candida and several plant species whereas aquatic tests involved bacteria Vibrio fischeri, microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata and crustaceans Daphnia magna. Metal quantifications revealed high concentrations of Ba (250-5110 mg kg -1 ), Pb (940->5000 mg kg -1 ) and Zn (2370-11300 mg kg -1 ) that exceeded intervention values to protect human health. Risks for the aquatic compartment were identified through the release of drainage waters and by leaching and run-offs from metal-contaminated soils. Cd (1.98-9.15 µg L -1 ), Pb (2.11-326 µg L -1 ) and Zn (280-2900 µg L -1 ) in water samples surpassed international values of aquatic life criteria. Terrestrial ecotoxicity tests were in accordance with metal quantifications and identified the most polluted soil as the most toxic. Avoidance and reproduction tests with earthworms showed the highest sensitivity to metal contamination. Aquatic bioassays with extracts from soils confirmed the results from terrestrial tests and detected severe toxic effects caused by the mine drainage waters. Algal growth inhibition was the most sensitive aquatic endpoint. In view of the results, the application of a containment or remediative procedure in the area is encouraged.

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Section: E Co To XI Co Lo G Ica L Ev a Lu A Tio Nmentioning

confidence: 67%

Ecotoxicological risks of the abandoned F–Ba–Pb–Zn mining area of Osor (Spain)

Bori

Vallès

Navarro

et al. 2016

Environ Geochem Health

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“…At low metal ion concentrations, active transport is favored by the cell [156]; trace concentrations of heavy metals in municipal wastewater usually do not inhibit significantly the growth of the algal consortium. Many algae strains even show high tolerance to trace amounts of Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr [58,[159][160][161][162].…”

Section: Heavy-metal Contamination In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal Biomass from Wastewater and Flue Gases as a Source of Bioenergy

et al. 2018

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Algae are without doubt the most productive photosynthetic organisms on Earth; they are highly efficient in converting CO 2 and nutrients into biomass. These abilities can be exploited by culturing microalgae from wastewater and flue gases for effective wastewater reclamation. Algae are known to remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as several organic contaminants including pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Biomass production can even be enhanced by the addition of CO 2 originating from flue gases. The algal biomass can then be used as a raw material to produce bioenergy; depending on its composition, various types of biofuels such as biodiesel, biogas, bioethanol, biobutanol or biohydrogen can be obtained. However, algal biomass generated in wastewater and flue gases also contains contaminants which, if not degraded, will end up in the ashes. In this review, the current knowledge on algal biomass production in wastewater and flue gases is summarized; special focus is given to the algal capacity to remove contaminants from wastewater and flue gases, and the consequences when converting this biomass into different types of biofuels.

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“…[40], and Isochrysis galbana [41]. Then again, other species seem to be more sensitive to Cd, for instance, Scenedesmus obliquus (EC 50 = 0.058 mg/L) [42], Nitzschia palea (0.0276 mg/L) [43], and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (0.6 µM) [44]. C. acidophila has also shown an intraspecific variation in Cd tolerance.…”

Section: Cytotoxicity and Ros Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity, Physiological, and Ultrastructural Effects of Arsenic and Cadmium on the Extremophilic Microalga Chlamydomonas acidophila

Díaz

Francisco

Olsson³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The cytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd), arsenate (As(V)), and arsenite (As(III)) on a strain of Chlamydomonas acidophila, isolated from the Rio Tinto, an acidic environment containing high metal(l)oid concentrations, was analyzed. We used a broad array of methods to produce complementary information: cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation measures, ultrastructural observations, transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (TEM-XEDS), and gene expression. This acidophilic microorganism was affected differently by the tested metal/metalloid: It showed high resistance to arsenic while Cd was the most toxic heavy metal, showing an LC 50 = 1.94 µM. Arsenite was almost four-fold more toxic (LC 50 = 10.91 mM) than arsenate (LC 50 = 41.63 mM). Assessment of ROS generation indicated that both arsenic oxidation states generate superoxide anions. Ultrastructural analysis of exposed cells revealed that stigma, chloroplast, nucleus, and mitochondria were the main toxicity targets. Intense vacuolization and accumulation of energy reserves (starch deposits and lipid droplets) were observed after treatments. Electron-dense intracellular nanoparticle-like formation appeared in two cellular locations: inside cytoplasmic vacuoles and entrapped into the capsule, around each cell. The chemical nature (Cd or As) of these intracellular deposits was confirmed by TEM-XEDS. Additionally, they also contained an unexpected high content in phosphorous, which might support an essential role of poly-phosphates in metal resistance. development of phytoplankton [5][6][7]. However, most of these studies are related to circumneutral pH water environments polluted by industrial and domestic wastes, in spite of the fact that pH has a considerable effect on the availability and, as a consequence, the toxicity of heavy metals [8].Indeed, many freshwater bodies worldwide are highly acidic (pH < 3), either due to natural causes or anthropogenic activities such as mining [9,10]. Acid drainages are due mainly to pyrite oxidation, producing significant acidity in lakes and ponds situated in areas impacted by mining, as well as in rivers receiving mine water discharge [11,12]. Additionally, extreme acidic environments tend to contain unusually high concentrations of heavy metals because their solubility increases markedly as the pH decreases [11]. Despite these extreme environmental conditions, a number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms living in these extreme environments have been identified [13]. Microalgae are the dominant eukaryotes found in these ecosystems, green microalgae such as Chlamydomonas, Dunaliella, and Chlorella being the main primary producers [13].Although acidophilic algae are able to grow at high heavy metal concentrations and low pH, both of which are lethal to most eukaryotes [14], the adaptive mechanisms by which these microorganisms can survive under such environmental conditions are still poorly understood. Proteomic analysis has pointed out the importance of metal and acidity toleranc...

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Cadmium and Chromium Toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Microcystis aeruginosa

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Ecotoxicological risks of the abandoned F–Ba–Pb–Zn mining area of Osor (Spain)

Ecotoxicological risks of the abandoned F–Ba–Pb–Zn mining area of Osor (Spain)

Algal Biomass from Wastewater and Flue Gases as a Source of Bioenergy

Toxicity, Physiological, and Ultrastructural Effects of Arsenic and Cadmium on the Extremophilic Microalga Chlamydomonas acidophila

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