Intensity of bitterness of processed yerba mate leaves originated in two contrasted light environments

Abstract

The bitterness intensity of beverage prepared from the leaves produced on the males and females of yerba mate

Structural and physiological sexual dimorphism estimated from three-dimensional virtual trees of yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is modified by cultivation environment

“…Light microclimate of yerba‐mate cultivated in MO can be briefly characterised by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) reduction of about 10–38% on leaves of tips (height of 2.0 m) and 29–69% inside the crown (height of 1.2 m) compared to the open area. In FUS, only 2–10% of PAR reached the yerba‐mate leaves compared to the open area (Rakocevic et al , 2008). Moreover, the leaf temperature in FUS was modified.…”

Sexual dimorphism and seasonal changes of leaf gas exchange in the dioecious tree Ilex paraguariensis grown in two contrasted cultivation types

“…The pruning of production (plate form), retaining only 10–15% of foliated branches on a 0.8–1.2 m height, was conducted by yerba maté industry, in April 2003, in both cultivation types. Only 2–10% of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) reached the yerba maté leaves under the forest shade (FUS) compared with the open area, while in MO, the PPFD that was attained at the leaf tips (2.0 m) and inside the crown (1.2 m) were on average 62–90% and 31–71% of the PPFD in the open area, respectively (Rakocevic et al , 2008).…”

1H NMR Mixture Design–Fingerprints and ASCA Analysis in Ilex paraguariensis: Model Stability in Search of a Global Metabolome

“…31 Subsequent studies find that female plants, when exposed to the same environmental conditions as male plants, exhibit a higher photosynthetic rate due to their reproductive cycle of additional fruit and seed production and increased functional effort. 30 Notably, interaction effects such as sexual dimorphism × development stage and cultivation type × growth stage × sex × leaf age are detected across various data sets concerning leaf net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. 32 These findings highlight the distinct physiological behaviors of male and female plants under different abiotic conditions, indicating the recurrent nature of the interaction effect between the sexes and the abiotic environment.…”

“…However, the specific chemical nature of this interaction and its demonstration through metabolic fingerprints have yet to be determined. The studies indicating interaction between the secondary sexual dimorphism of yerba mate and abiotic factors are evidenced in ecophysiological responses. − Those interactions certainly interfere with the plant’s biochemical system …”