Effects of aerial exposure on antioxidant defenses in the brown mussel Perna perna

Abstract

Investigations were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant defenses in digestive gland of mussels Perna perna held in air for 4 hours, exposed to air for 4 hours followed by submersion in water for 30 minutes, and constantly submerged for 4.5 hours. No differences were observed in CAT and GPx activities and in the levels of total GSH. Mussels exposed to air had significantly higher SOD activity, possibly related to a preparative mechanism of defense against oxidative stress during reoxygenation.

Are the effects induced by increased temperature enhanced in Mytilus galloprovincialis submitted to air exposure?

“…Biochemical alterations can also be induced in bivalves exposed to tidal environment. Previous studies demonstrated an increase of antioxidant defenses in the mussel species Perna perna and M. galloprovincialis as a defense mechanism against oxidative stress generated during reoxygenation (Almeida and Bainy, 2006;Andrade et al, 2018). Similar biochemical response was observed in R. philippinarum clams exposed to daily rhythms of air (Yin et al, 2017).…”

“…Additionally, Andrade et al (2018) observed increased SOD activity in M. galloprovincialis submitted to 3h and 6h of air exposure followed by immersion, evidencing the increase of antioxidant enzymes activity to neutralize ROS originated during re-oxygenation. Likewise, Almeida and Bainy (2006) showed increased SOD activity in mussels P. perna under 4h of air exposure. However, non-significant differences of GPx activity in the digestive gland of P. perna mussels where demonstrated after 4h of air exposure and re-immersion (Almeida and Bainy, 2006;Almeida et al, 2005).…”

Preparation for oxidative stress under hypoxia and metabolic depression: Revisiting the proposal two decades later

“…Other cases of increased antioxidant levels in response to anoxia or hypoxia are presented in Tables 1 and 2. In addition to hypoxia/anoxia, other conditions are also related to functional low oxygenation, such as freezing stress, severe dehydration, and aerial exposure of waterbreathing animals. We and other authors observed that leopard frogs under dehydration , wood frogs, garter snakes and turtle hatchlings under freezing (Hermes-Lima and Storey, 1993;Joanisse and Storey, 1996;Krivoruchko and Storey, 2010b), and crabs and bivalves under aerial exposure (Almeida and Bainy, 2006;Freire et al, 2011a;Romero et al, 2007) presented increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. The endogenous antioxidants that were found to be increased in response to freezing, dehydration or air exposure are presented in Tables 1 and 2.…”

Molecular characterization of a glutathione peroxidase gene and its expression in the selected Vibrio-resistant population of the clam Meretrix meretrix

“…GPx activity was detected in the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis [8,9], Perna perna [10], Dreissena polymorpha [11], pen shell, Pinna nobilis [12] and Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri [13]. The cDNA of GPx was reported in the mussel, Unio tumidus [14], D. polymorpha [15], abalone, Haliotis discus discus [16], H. discus hannai [17], pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas [18] and Zhikong scallop, C. farreri [19].…”