A comparative study on fungal laccases immobilized on chitosan

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Aptitude of Oxidative Enzymes for Treatment of Wastewater Pollutants: A Laccase Perspective

“…Ever since the production of the foremost industrial laccase “DeniLite ® ”, the earliest bleaching enzyme whose action was facilitated by a mediator molecule, by Novozymes (in 1996), other biotechnological and chemical industries have pursued this precedent, consequently manufacturing enzymes which are expensive and not fiscal for large scale applications. The majority of laccases commercially produced so far are of fungal origin, though some have been reported to have less activity, in free or immobilized states, compared with crude enzyme extracts from other fungi [258,259]; a phenomenon left indecipherable. Interestingly, the commercialization of a bacterial laccase Metzyme (Cat-No: 10-101-UF), which has tremendous ligninolytic potentials and robust catalytic properties, by MetGen, a biotechnology company based in Kaarina (Finland), has inspired a lot of studies toward the scale-up and the commercialization of other bacterial laccases in no distant future.…”

Immobilization of laccase in a sponge-like hydrogel for enhanced durability in enzymatic degradation of dye pollutants

“…CTS is a biodegradable and inexpensive material with excellent biocompatibility, high protein affinity, abundant reactive functional groups, and good regenerability [16]. Over the last decade, CTSbased materials have been extensively examined and a number of potential products have been developed for wastewater treatment [3,17,18]. The grafting of molecules onto CTS is of great importance to develop new materials with combined properties of both the grafted molecules and the natural polymers.…”

Applications and immobilization strategies of the copper-centred laccase enzyme; a review

“…In addition, CS has demonstrated resistance to microbial degradation compared to other organic supports and is obtained from chitin, the second most abundant natural material on earth after cellulose [ 521 ]. This implies that CS is widely commercially available at low cost making it an ideal carrier for enzymes [ 25 , 522 ]. The amine and OH groups on its surface give it excellent affinity to a variety of enzymes and solubility in mildly acidic aqueous solutions making it a good immobilization support [ 421 , 523 ].…”