Neuropile organization in the brain of Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) during the post-embryonic development

Abstract

Neuropile is the region of the central nervous system where the synapses an d neurons branching occur. During the development of an holometabolous insect can occurs break of the neurons fibers forming new axon and dendrites and their distribution in brain neuropile is organized so as to reflect specific nervous functions of adult insects. The components of this organization were observed and discussed in this study in the ant

Post-embryonic Development of Intramandibular Glands in Pachycondyla verenae (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers

“…The white-eyed pupae of P. veranae also had no intramandibular glands, however, cell reorganization at this stage did occur and was likely due to proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells. The white-eyed pupae of Hymenoptera is the earliest period of internal organs modifications, because it has yet larval organs and absence of those present in adults (Soares et al, 2004, Azevedo et al, 2008, Santos et al, 2009bCruz-Landim et al, 2011 Intramandibular glands characterized as class I epidermal secretory cells or class III isolated glands can be definitively identified during the pink-eyed pupae stage of P. verenae in a manner similar to likely the labial, post-pharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and mandibular glands that also differentiate in Camponotus rufipes pupae (Gama 1978).…”

“…1A, 1B). Features that allowed for the identification of the successive post-embryonic developmental stages were the focus of these evaluations (Soares et al, 2004).…”

Changes in diapause related gene expression pattern during early embryonic development in HCl-treated eggs of bivoltine silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

“…The accommodation of the neurons in the brain during the embryonic development causes various morphological and morphometric changes and these changes can regulate the expression of different developmental genes. The different brain specific gene expression was studied during the post-embryonic development in ant Acroyrmex octospinosus, which showed similar features to those described for other insects (Soares et al 2004). In the silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), diapause is triggered by a neuropeptide diapause hormone (DH), released from the neurosecretory cells of the subesophageal ganglion (SG), in the mother via corpora cardiacorpora allata into the hemolymph, which then targets the developing ovaries (Yamashita 1996;Mitsumasu et al 2008).…”

Identification and characterization of a novel corticotropin‐releasing hormone‐binding protein (CRH‐BP) gene from Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana)

“…In adult stages, AccCRH-BP was upregulated following the increasing ages. Previous studies have showed that the nervous system such as neuropile of holometabolous insects has reorganized and developed during the insect postembryonic development (Soares et al, 2004). Furthermore, the hormonal and neuronal processes, such as behaviors and motor systems in the pupa, have a remarkable change to accommodate the development of adult (Groh et al, 2004).…”