Liquid-liquid extraction of enzymes by affinity aqueous two-phase systems

Abstract

From analytical to commercial scale, aqueous two-phase systems have their application in the purification, characterization and study of biomaterials. In order to improve the selectivity of the systems, the biospecific affinity ligands were introduced. In the affinity partitioning aqueous two-phase system, have many enzymes been purified. This review discusses the partitioning of some enzymes in the affinity aqueous two-phase systems in regard to the different ligands, including reactive dyes, metal ions and other ligands. Some integration of aqueous two-phasesystem with other techniques for more effective purification of enzymes are also presented.

On-chip aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) formation, consequential self-mixing, and their influence on drop-to-drop aqueous two-phase extraction kinetics

“…Due to its favorable features, ATPS is popularly used in industrial downstream processes to separate (figure 1(b)) and recover biological products in large quantities. Favorable features [1,2] of ATPS include: (i) lower interfacial tension between two similar phases, thus allowing easy mass transfer across this interface, (ii) formation of emulsion under a perturbation, which provides large interface area for mass transfer, (iii) a gentle aqueous environment suitable for live biological samples, and (iv) an ability to tailor ATPS for a particular aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) using affinity ligands [3]. Several successful applications of ATPS at microscale were reported, including rapid cell extraction [2,4], cell separation [1], rapid extraction and purification of protein [5,6], rapid tissue construction [7], enzyme analysis [8], precise cell delivery [9], and separation of target proteins [10].…”