[No Title Available]

Greenshell TM mussel (Perna canaliculus) culture is the primary aquaculture industry in New Zealand. However, our knowledge of biofouling on Greenshell TM mussel farms, and its contribution to farm ecotrophic effects, is poor. We conducted a preliminary study of biofouling accumulation at two Greenshell TM mussel farms during Intermediate and Final seed on-growing stages (each of 6 months duration) with sampling of mussel ropes at 0, 3, 5 and 6 months during each on-growing stage. A diverse range of biofouling organisms (71 distinct taxa) accumulated on mussel ropes, with biofouling biomass dominated by suspension-feeding organisms (*88% of biofouling biomass) such as other bivalves, ascidians and, to a lesser degree, bryozoans. Biofouling biomass increased with culture time, varied between farms and was generally greater at 2 m than at 8 m depth. After 6 months, biofouling organisms on average comprised 54% of the total rope biomass. The reseeding of ropes between Intermediate and Final seed crops reduced the amount of non-Greenshell TM mussel biofouling. However, after 6 months, non-Greenshell TM mussel biofouling on average still comprised 15% of the total rope biomass. To evaluate potential ecotrophic effects of biofouling on Greenshell TM mussel farms, we compare the clearance rates of Greenshell TM mussel longlines based on Greenshell TM mussels alone and when combined with the two dominant biofouling species observed in our study (the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the ascidian Ciona intestinalis). Our study shows that accumulated biofouling biomass on Greenshell TM mussel ropes can be significant and recommends further investigation as to actual ecotrophic effects of biofouling to ensure sustainable mussel farm practices.

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Biofouling on Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) farms: a preliminary assessment and potential implications for sustainable aquaculture practices

Woods

Floerl

Hayden

2011

Aquacult Int

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Biofouling leads to reduced shell growth and flesh weight in the cultured musselMytilus galloprovincialis

et al. 2012

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Competitive interactions between cultured mussels and fouling organisms may result in growth and weight reductions in mussels, and compromised aquaculture productivity. Mussel ropes were inoculated with Ciona intestinalis, Ectopleura crocea or Styela clava, and growth parameters of fouled and unfouled Mytilus galloprovincialis were compared after two months. Small mussels (≈ 50 mm) fouled by C. intestinalis and E. crocea were 4.0 and 3.2% shorter in shell length and had 21 and 13% reduced flesh weight, respectively, compared to the controls. Large mussels (≈ 68 mm) fouled by S. clava, C. intestinalis and E. crocea were 4.4, 3.9 and 2.1% shorter than control mussels, respectively, but flesh weights were not significantly reduced. A series of competitive feeding experiments indicated that S. clava and C. intestinalis did not reduce mussels' food consumption, but that E. crocea, through interference competition, did. Fouling by these species at the densities used here reduced mussel growth and flesh weight, likely resulting in economic losses for the industry, and requires consideration when developing biofouling mitigation strategies.

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Epibiotic community on the acorn barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) from a monsoon‐influenced tropical estuary

Sahoo

Khandeparker

2015

Marine Ecology

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The epibiotic communities (diatoms and metazoans) on the outer surfaces of the shell of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (BSh) and its opercular valves (the scutum and tergum; BST) were investigated on a monthly basis for 1 year in a tropical monsoon-influenced estuary and compared with that of the surrounding rock biofilm. BSh and BST were rich in the diatoms Achnanthes longipes and Melosira nummuloides and amongst the invertebrates, nematodes and tardigrades were abundant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of epibiosis on the acorn barnacle. Diatom abundance was at its maximum during the monsoon season on all the inter-tidal substrata i.e. BSh, BST and rock. A significant correlation was found between the density of diatoms and invertebrates associated with the BSh and BST, possibly because of the trophic relationship between them or the suitability of the physical environment. The possible role of these epibionts on the settlement of this barnacle species is currently unknown and needs further investigation.

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[No Title Available]

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Biofouling on Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) farms: a preliminary assessment and potential implications for sustainable aquaculture practices

Biofouling on Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) farms: a preliminary assessment and potential implications for sustainable aquaculture practices

Biofouling leads to reduced shell growth and flesh weight in the cultured musselMytilus galloprovincialis

Epibiotic community on the acorn barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) from a monsoon‐influenced tropical estuary

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