Purpose: To investigate the correlation between risk indicators and hearing impairment in infants of a Newborn hearing screening program Methods: A retrospective study with 3151 newborn records with and without risk indicator for hearing loss, followed-up by a Newborn hearing screening program at a Public Hospital in the city of Belo Horizonte (MG). Results: In the group without risk indicators, the incidence of hearing loss was 1.04%: 0.04% were sensorineural and 0.99% were conductive. In the group with risk indicators, the incidence of hearing loss was 8.38% (5.27% conductive and 3.1% sensorineural). In the high risk group one child (0.33%), who passed the screening, was diagnosed during the follow up with bilateral sensorineural mild hearing. The most common risk indicators were neonatal intensive care of >5 days (43.47%) followed by use of ototoxic drugs, (29.81%) and mechanical ventilation (28.88%). It was observed that children with suspected syndromes have 18 times more chance of acquiring sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion: The risk indicator which correlated to hearing loss was suspicion of syndromes. Health promotion actions are necessary to reduce the presence of risk indicators found in the served population.