Interference of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide on performance and biological parameters of broiler chickens

Rauber, Ricardo Hummes; Perlin, VJ; Fin, CD; Mallmann, AL; Miranda, DP; Giacomini, LZ; Nascimento, Vladimir Pinheiro do

doi:10.1590/s1516-635x2014000100011

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…administration can induce clinical signs (e.g., fever) and sickness behavior, and negatively impact performance [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Only a few studies have evaluated the effect of oral LPS administration on broiler health, using either LPS from E. coli or Salmonella typhimurium [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Repeated oral LPS administration of up to 0.5 mg/bird did not lead to reduced performance or clinical signs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress

Reisinger¹,

Emsenhuber²,

Doupovec³

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also termed endotoxins, are the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In general, endotoxins in the intestine are considered harmless in healthy animals. However, different stressors, such as heat stress, can lead to a compromised gut barrier, resulting in endotoxin translocation. Chickens are considered to be less sensitive to the effects of LPS compared with other species, for example, humans, pigs, or calves, probably because of the lack of the functional-specific TRAM-TRIF signalling pathway (MyD88-independent). Therefore, six LPS preparations (three different strains with two different preparation methods each) were compared in murine macrophages and characterized according to their MyD88-dependent pathway activation. All tested LPS preparations induced a strong inflammatory response after 4 and 24 h on a murine macrophage cell line. However, there was a similar strong response in the gene expression profile as well as production of nitrite oxide and TNF-alpha from LPS of different strains and preparation methods. On the basis of the results of the in vitro study, one LPS preparation was chosen for the subsequent in vivo study with broilers to assess the effect of an oral LPS bolus (E. coli O55:B5 phenol extracted; 2 mg/kg b.w.) during heat stress conditions (10 h, 36 °C). The most pronounced effects were seen in broilers receiving the oral LPS bolus during heat stress conditions. The endotoxin activity in the intestine as well as the serum concentration of the 3-OH C14 (part of LPS) were increased. In addition, an increased expression of genes related to inflammation and stress response (e.g., IL-6, IL-1beta, HSP70) was observed, whereas the expression of genes associated with gut health (e.g., MUC2, FABP2) was decreased. To conclude, an increase of intestinal LPS combined with heat stress can pose a risk to animal health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress

Reisinger¹,

Emsenhuber²,

Doupovec³

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…PIT54 has been associated with S. gallinarium and S. aureus infections (Garcia et al, 2009), E. coli and E. tenella infections (Georgieva et al, 2010) and IBV infections (Asasi et al, 2013). CRP has been identified in birds after bacterial and viral infection (Patterson and Mora, 1964;Rauber et al, 2014;Seifi et al, 2014). Chickens infected with Staphylococcus spp., E. coli or parasites as E. maxima and E. tenella showed a significant increase in the levels of serum OVT (Chamanza et al, 1999;Rath et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread extrahepatic expression of acute-phase proteins in healthy chicken (Gallus gallus) tissues

Marques

Nordio

Lecchi

et al. 2017

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Acute phase proteins (APP) are plasma proteins that can modify their expression in response to inflammation caused by tissue injury, infections, immunological disorders or stress. Although APP are produced mainly in liver, extrahepatic production has also been described. As a prerequisite to get insight the expression of APP in chicken during diseases, this study investigated the presence of five APP, including alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), PIT54, C-Reactive protein (CRP) and Ovotransferrin (OVT) in twenty tissues collected from healthy chicken (Gallus gallus) by quantitative Real Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. As expected, APP gene abundance was higher in liver compared with other tissues. The mRNA coding for CRP, OVT and SAA was detected in all analyzed tissues with a higher expression in gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and lymphatic samples. SAA expression was particularly high in cecal tonsil, lung, spleen and Meckel's diverticulum, whereas OVT in lung, bursa of Fabricius and pancreas. AGP and PIT54 mRNA expression were detected in all tissues but at negligible levels. Immunohistochemical expression of AGP and OVT was variably detected in different organs, being identified in endothelium of every tissue. Positive cells were present in the epithelium of the mucosal layer of gastrointestinal tract and kidney. Lung and central nervous system stained for both proteins. No positive staining was detected in lymphoid tissues and muscle. These results suggest that most tissues can express different amount of APP even in healthy conditions and are therefore capable to mount a local acute phase reaction.

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“…Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria and is a physiologically well-known endotoxin derived from them, and one of the representative pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) [ 1 – 3 ]. LPS infection has been associated with increased cloacal temperature, depression, lethargy, diarrhea, avoidance of feed, hypercholesterolemia, hypouricemia and hyperphosphatemia occurred in broiler chickens [ 4 , 5 ]. It also reduced leukocyte and thrombocyte counts and induced leukocytosis in piglets [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It further contributed to a diverse range of mild and severe inflammatory diseases in human and animals such as ulcerative colitis [ 7 ], acute pneumonia [ 8 ] and systemic sepsis [ 9 ]. Surprisingly, in animal husbandry, swine farms and poultry houses are vulnerable to LPS contamination [ 1 , 5 ], especially detected as a dust suspension at higher concentrations of 4.9 μg/m 3 at the former [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat phytase can alleviate the cellular toxic and inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide

Cho

2021

J Anim Sci Technol

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The objective of this study was to characterize the enzymatic hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by wheat phytase and to investigate the effects of wheat phytase-treated LPS on in vitro toxicity, cell viability and release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-8 by target cells compared with the intact LPS. The phosphatase activity of wheat phytase towards LPS was investigated in the presence or absence of inhibitors such as L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine. In vitro toxicity of LPS hydrolyzed with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assessed. Cell viability in human aortic endothelial (HAE) cells exposed to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was measured. The release of IL-8 in human intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cells applied to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assayed. Wheat phytase hydrolyzed LPS, resulting in a significant release of inorganic phosphate for 1 h ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, the degradation of LPS by wheat phytase was nearly unaffected by the addition of L-phenylalanine, the inhibitor of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase or L-homoarginine, the inhibitor of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Wheat phytase effectively reduced the in vitro toxicity of LPS, resulting in a retention of 63% and 54% of its initial toxicity after 1–3 h of the enzyme reaction, respectively ( p < 0.05). Intact LPS decreased the cell viability of HAE cells. However, LPS dephosphorylated by wheat phytase counteracted the inhibitory effect on cell viability. LPS treated with wheat phytase decreased IL-8 secretion from intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cell to 14% ( p < 0.05) when compared with intact LPS. In conclusion, wheat phytase is a potential therapeutic candidate and prophylactic agent for control of infections induced by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and associated LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases in animal husbandry.

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Interference of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide on performance and biological parameters of broiler chickens

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress

Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress

Widespread extrahepatic expression of acute-phase proteins in healthy chicken (Gallus gallus) tissues

Wheat phytase can alleviate the cellular toxic and inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide

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