Infection of commercial laying hens with Salmonella Gallinarum: clinical, anatomopathological and haematological studies

Neto, Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas; Arroyave, W; Alessi, A. C.; Fagliari, J. J.; Berchieri, Ângelo

doi:10.1590/s1516-635x2007000200010

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Heart muscle necrosis, as described by some investigators, was not detected in the current study (Kaushik et al, 1986;Msoffe et al, 2006). Kidney lesions caused by S. Gallinarum in various poultry species have been described (Waihenya et al, 2002;Freitas et al, 2007). Similar findings, more severe in young budgerigars, were also observed in the present study (Waihenya et al, 2002;Freitas et al, 2007;Beyaz et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Pathomorphological, immunohistochemical and bacteriological findings in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) naturally infected withS.Gallinarum

et al. 2012

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The present study describes the pathological and bacteriological findings and diagnosis by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) naturally infected with Salmonella gallinarum obtained from three commercial budgerigar rearing farms. The course of the disease in young budgerigars was peracute or acute, whereas in adult budgerigars the disease was acute or chronic. Clinically, yellowÁwhite diarrhoea was observed in the young budgerigars with the acute form. In the adult budgerigars with the acute and chronic forms, a decrease in feed and water consumption with loss in body condition together with greenish-yellow diarrhoea was generally noted. Peritonitis and pericarditis were the most common findings in young budgerigars at necropsy, while in adult budgerigars scattered greyÁwhite necrotic foci were found in the livers. Histopathologically, the lesions in young budgerigars were characterized with fibrinonecrotic peritonitis and/or pericarditis and necrotic hepatitis. In adult budgerigars with acute infection, hepatic necrosis with focal heterophil infiltration was present; whilst lesions in the chronic cases were granulomatous in nature with the infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and histiocytes. For the detection of S. Gallinarum in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, the avidinÁbiotin peroxidase complex and immunofluorescence methods were used. Both methods showed bacteria to be localized in the liver, kidney, peritoneum, heart, spleen and intestines of both young and adult budgerigars. The results of the present study indicate that the avidinÁbiotin peroxidase complex method was more sensitive than the immunofluorescence method in the detection of the bacteria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Pericarditis and myocarditis occur in poultry salmonellosis (Song et al, 2002;Msoffe et al, 2006;Freitas et al, 2007). The heart lesions in the present study were fibrinous pericarditis in the young birds and a mononuclear pericarditis and myocarditis in adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Pathomorphological, immunohistochemical and bacteriological findings in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) naturally infected withS.Gallinarum

et al. 2012

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“…Brown layer-hens and meat varieties (broilers) are highly susceptible to infection and develop clinical signs ranging from low feed consumption, green-yellowish diarrhea, fever, prostration, which frequently result in mortality and culling of flocks (FREITAS NETO et al, 2007;GARCIA et al, 2009;SHIVAPRASAD, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This biovar causes septicemic infection in young and adult chickens, resulting in high mortality rates within infected chickens (SHIVAPRASAD, 2000). Infection of poultry can lead to the development of clinical or subclinical symptoms, depending on the chicken variety, genetic resistance, immune response of the host and general nutritional and health status of the flock (FREITAS NETO et al, 2007). The infections by SG are usually acute, and the spread of the bacteria is more intense if carcasses of infected dead chickens are exposed to other chickens (BARROW et al, 1994;BERCHIERI JR. et al, 2000).…”

Section: Palavras-chavementioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of chickens against fowl typhoid using field vaccine programs formulated with the live attenuated strain Salmonella Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA

et al. 2018

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Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG) is a host-specific bacteria that causes the fowl typhoid (FT). This disease is highly pathogenic to commercial chickens, specially brown layers and breeders, causing acute septicemia followed by high morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is extensively adopted in the fields as a biosafety tool for prevention of isolated infections and outbreaks in commercial poultry flocks. The present study evaluated the use of an attenuated SG with deletions on genes cobS and cbiA (SGΔcobSΔcbiA) as a live vaccine, using vaccination schemes adjusted for field conditions. To this end, brown layers were used in two different experiments, to evaluate the long-term protection, necessary in the fields. The vaccination scheme on the first experiment consisted of two doses, the first at 4 th week-of-age and the booster dose at 8 th week-of-age with challenge at 16 th week-of-age with wild SG strain. On the second experiment, the vaccination was carried out by different routes using three doses of the live vaccine, at 4 th , 8 th and 12 th weeks-of-age, and the challenge was done at 20 th weeks-of-age. After the challenge, the mortality was recorded during 28 days, and the egg production (experiment 2) was evaluated and compared with the group of unvaccinated layers. In both experiments, the mortality was significantly reduced, and the egg production was not affected in vaccinated layer-hens. In summary, this study shows the efficacy and the protection of different vaccination schemes against FT that can be applied under field conditions in commercial poultry farms.

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“…Brown layers were used because they are highly susceptible to infections by Salmonella Gallinarum (Berchieri Jr. et al, 2000;Freitas, et al, 2007). The birds were vaccinated against Marek's Disease (HVT and Rispens strains), fowlpox, and infectious bursal disease at the hatchery.…”

Section: Birds and Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversion to virulence evaluation of a 9R vaccine strain of Salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in commercial brown layers

Okamoto

Menconi

Marietto-Gonçalves³

et al. 2010

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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The live vaccine Cevac S. Gallinarum, made from a rough strain of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Gallinarum is used for preventing fowl typhoid, a disease that still causes considerable economic losses in countries with a developing poultry industry. The objective of this paper was to evaluate a possible reversion to virulence of the strain used in a vaccine in commercial brown layers. Only Salmonella-free chicks were utilized. One hundred twenty (120) 12-day-old Dekalb brown layers divided in two trials were used. The first trial had six groups of 15 birds each. Birds of group 1 were vaccinated with 10 doses of Cevac S. Gallinarum subcutaneously and 10 doses orally, in a total of 20 doses of vaccine. Then the birds of groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received inocula that contained feces and a pool of organs with fragments of liver, heart, spleen, and cecal tonsils obtained from the immediately previous group. The second trial had three groups with 10 birds each. Birds in group 7 received inocula containing a pool of organs from birds of group 5 from trial 1, whilst the birds in group 8 were vaccinated subcutaneously with one dose of vaccine. Both trials included negative control groups (6 and 9). Throughout the experimental period, birds were monitored for reactions to the vaccination on the site of administration, clinical signs, and post-mortem lesions. In each passage, in addition to the birds euthanized to provide the inocula material, two birds from each group were euthanized for assessment of possible lesions, and their organs (liver, heart, spleen and cecal tonsils) were cultured in an attempt to isolate the vaccine strain. Except for one bird from group 1, that had a local reaction on the site of vaccination - a small vesicle with less that 0.5 mm that persisted until the third day post vaccination -, no other bird had any local reaction to the vaccine or any visible clinical alteration. Birds in group 8 did not present any reaction or clinical alteration because of the vaccine. We only managed to re-isolate the vaccine strain in the inocula made from organs of birds in group 1. We confirmed the isolation by means of biochemical tests, serology, and acriflavine agglutination test. All other cultures made from organs or feces, from all the other experimental groups did not show any growth of the vaccine strain or any other Salmonella serovar, suggesting that the vaccinated birds did not shed the SG9R vaccine strain. No bird presented any clinical symptoms or died during the trials, and no gross lesions were observed in the post-mortem examinations. Under the controlled conditions and time-frame of the present experiment, it was possible to conclude that the rough 9R strain of Salmonella Gallinarum present in the vaccine Cevac S. Gallinarum (Ceva Campinas Ltda. - Campinas, SP - Brazil) did not revert to virulence

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Infection of commercial laying hens with Salmonella Gallinarum: clinical, anatomopathological and haematological studies

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

Pathomorphological, immunohistochemical and bacteriological findings in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) naturally infected withS.Gallinarum

Pathomorphological, immunohistochemical and bacteriological findings in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) naturally infected withS.Gallinarum

Protection of chickens against fowl typhoid using field vaccine programs formulated with the live attenuated strain Salmonella Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA

Reversion to virulence evaluation of a 9R vaccine strain of Salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in commercial brown layers

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