Clinical subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on the presence of checking and washing compulsions

Fontenelle, Leonardo F.; Mendlowicz, Mauro V.; Versiani, Márcio

doi:10.1590/s1516-44462005000300008

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The obvious influence of gender is as yet unexplained. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder [Pauls et al, 1995;Nestadt et al, 2000a;Fontenelle et al, 2005;Miguel et al, 2005], with lifetime prevalence of approximately 2% Torres and Lima, 2005]. The symptoms that characterize OCD vary from one patient to another and even from time to time in the same patient [Mataix-Cols et al, 2002].…”

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confidence: 99%

Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in sibling pairs concordant for obsessive–compulsive disorder

Chacon

Rosario

Pauls

et al. 2007

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous disorder of unknown etiology. Phenotypic studies of affected sib-pairs (SPs) may help to characterize familial components of the phenotype. To determine whether SPs affected with OCD are similar in age at onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), symptom dimensions and presence of tic disorders (TDs). Forty OCD siblings ranging from 13 to 59 years old were evaluated by expert psychiatrists or psychologists. Families with two or more siblings affected with OCD were recruited from several OCD clinics in Brazil. The Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Checklist was used to assess OCS and the severity of OCD. The OCD diagnoses were made according to the DSM-IV. The chi-square test was used to assess concordance of TD presence within SPs based on the TD frequency reported in the literature (30%). There were significantly more siblings with early-onset OCS than with late-onset OCS (P = 0.002). Age at onset of OCS correlated positively and significantly between the two members of each SP (P = 0.005). Fourteen patients (35%) were diagnosed with TDs. There was no concordance of the TD presence within the SPs. When both were male, there was a significant sibling correlation in the contamination obsessions/cleaning compulsions dimension (ICC = 0.74; P = 0.002). Similarly, when both siblings were female, they were comparable in the hoarding obsessions/compulsions dimension (ICC = 0.76; P = 0.01). Familial factors seem to contribute to specific OCD phenotypic components such as age at onset of OCS and specific dimensions. The obvious influence of gender is as yet unexplained.

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confidence: 99%

Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in sibling pairs concordant for obsessive–compulsive disorder

Chacon

Rosario

Pauls

et al. 2007

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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“…Fontenelle et al (68) have reported that obsessivecompulsive disorder patients with washing symptoms concomitant to checking are the poorest respondents to the treatment. Washing and checking have long been recognized with each other and there was strivings to define discriminative or overlapping features of these symptoms in the research (69,70).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The predictive value of interpersonal schemas, perfectionism, and thought action-fusion in obsessive-compulsive disorder / Obsesif-kompulsif bozuklukta kişilerarası şemalar, mükemmeliyetçilik ve düşünce-eylem kaynaşmasının yordayıcı rolü

Aydın¹,

Boysan²,

Tutarel-Kislak³

et al. 2012

Dusunen Adam

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Researches ABSTRACTThe predictive value of interpersonal schemas, perfectionism, and thought action-fusion in obsessive-compulsive disorder Objective: Cognitive vulnerability factors are central in the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nosological classifications among symptom clusters have been developed to enable the understanding of possible mechanisms underlying obsessive compulsive symptoms. Previous researchers have emphasized that perfectionist attitudes and thought action-fusion link to increase in obsessive compulsive symptom severity in clinical and nonclinical samples. However, multi-dimensional relations between obsessive compulsive symptoms and vulnerability factors such as interpersonal schemas have received little attention. This study examined connections between cognitive vulnerability factors and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Method: The data collected from 263 university students. Associations between variables were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. Results: The results of the study indicated that dysfunctional interpersonal schemas were the most hazardous factors that predict perfectionist attitudes, thought action-fusion, and symptom severity in obsessive compulsive disorder. Washing and precision were the final manifestation symptoms mediated by checking. Maladaptive interpersonal schemas, perfectionist attitudes, and thought action-fusion were all vulnerability agents in the development of obsessive compulsive symptoms. Checking played a prominent role in exacerbation of obsessive -compulsive symptoms. Conclusion: Onset and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder is a multidimensional process. Negativistic interpersonal beliefs seem to be an important risk factor. Findings are discussed in the light of current theoretical considerations. Key words: Obsessive compulsive symptoms, limitedness schemas, perfectionism, thought action-fusion, checking, interpersonal schemas ÖZET Obsesif-kompulsif bozuklukta kişilerarası şemalar, mükemmeliyetçilik ve düşünce-eylem kaynaşmasının yordayıcı rolü Amaç: Bilişsel yatkınlık faktörlerinin obsesif-kompulsif bozukluğun etiyolojisinde önemli rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerin ortaya çıkışında rol oynayan olası mekanizmaları daha iyi açıklayabilmek için, çeşitli belirtilere ilişkin nozolojik sınıflamalar yapılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Daha önceki dönemlerde yapılmış çalışmalar, mükemmeliyetçi tutumların ve düşünce-eylem kaynaşmasının klinik olan ve olmayan örneklemde, obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerle ilişkilerini ortaya koymuştur. Buna karşın, kişilerarası şemalar gibi, yatkınlık oluşturabilecek etkenler ve obsesif-kompulsif belirtiler arasındaki çok boyutlu ilişkilerin yeterince ele alınmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bilişsel yatkınlık oluşturan faktörler ve obsesif-kompulsif belirtiler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmektedir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 263 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, işlevsel olmayan ki...

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“…The heterogeneity of OCD can reduce the power of, and obscure, research findings unless sub-groups are considered (Hasler et al, 2007;Heyman, Mataix-Cols, & Fineberg, 2006). Although individuals with OCD may exhibit both behaviours, usually one type of ritual predominates, permitting individuals to be classified as a washer or checker (Fontenelle, Mendlowicz, & Versiani, 2005;Steketee, Grayson, & Foa, 1985). Presently, there is no one established method to identify OCD symptom subtypes (Julien, O'Connor, Aardema, & Todorov, 2006) and previous studies use clinical interviews and a variety of OCD questionnaire measures with washing/checking subscales.…”

Section: Ocd Subgroupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

Thomas

Gonsalvez

Johnstone

2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: Repeated experience with stimuli often primes faster, more efficient neuronal and behavioural responses. Exaggerated repetition priming effects have previously been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however little is known of their underlying neurobiology or disorder-specificity, hence we investigated these factors. Methods: We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) and behaviour while participants with OCD, panic disorder and healthy controls (20 per group) performed a Go/NoGo task which manipulated target repetition sequences. Results: Both clinical groups showed stronger reaction time (RT) priming than HCs, which in OCD was greater in a checking, than washing, subgroup. Both clinical groups had similar RT deficits and ERP anomalies across several components, which correlated with psychopathology and RT priming. In OCD alone, N1 latency tended to increase to repeated stimuli, correlated with O-C symptoms, whereas it decreased in other groups. OCD-checkers had smaller target P2 amplitude than all other groups. Conclusions: Enhanced neural priming is not unique to OCD and may contribute to salient sensory-cognitive experiences in anxiety generally. These effects are related to symptom severity and occur to neutral stimuli and in the context of overall RT impairment, suggesting they may be clinically relevant and pervasive. The results indicate overlapping information-processing and neurobiological factors across disorders, with indications of OCD-specific trends and subgroup differences. Significance: This first electrophysiological investigation of OCD priming in OCD to include anxious controls and OCD subgroups allows for differentiation between overlapping and OCD-specific phenomena, to advance neurobiological models of OCD. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Highlights• We conducted the first electrophysiological investigation of repetition priming in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to include anxious and healthy controls and the first ERP study to consider OCD symptom subgroups.• Repetition priming was exaggerated in both OCD and panic disorder, and related to atypical ERP topography and symptom severity.• P2 amplitude to targets was significantly smaller in a non-washing/checking subgroup of OCD than all other groups. 3 AbstractObjective: Repeated experience with stimuli often primes faster, more efficient neuronal and behavioural responses. Exaggerated repetition priming effects have previously been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however little is known of their underlying neurobiology or disorder-specificity, hence we investigated these factors. Methods:We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) and behaviour while participants with OCD, panic disorder and healthy controls (20 per group) performed a Go/ NoGo task which manipulated target repetition sequences. Results:Both clinical groups showed stronger reaction time (RT) priming than HCs, which in OCD was greater in a checking, than washing, subgroup. Both clinical groups had similar R...

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Clinical subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on the presence of checking and washing compulsions

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in sibling pairs concordant for obsessive–compulsive disorder

Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in sibling pairs concordant for obsessive–compulsive disorder

The predictive value of interpersonal schemas, perfectionism, and thought action-fusion in obsessive-compulsive disorder / Obsesif-kompulsif bozuklukta kişilerarası şemalar, mükemmeliyetçilik ve düşünce-eylem kaynaşmasının yordayıcı rolü

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

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