Epistemologia: quem precisa dela?

Abstract

pregnancy stimulates breath and lowers pCO 2 ; therefore pregnancy would protect patients by increasing the distance of their pCO 2 levels from panic threshold. Klein also suggested that lactation protects against PD because oxytocin may be active against anxiety. During pregnancy, nonpharmacologic strategies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, are preferable to antipanic medications. These strategies, however, may not always suffice, and clinicians may need to use medications for pregnant women who remain severely symptomatic. Our cases suggest that some subgroups of PD women may be particularly vulnerable to persistence of symptoms during pregnancy. Tricyclic antidepressants are a reasonable choice, because the data on their use in pregnancy show they do not seem to be associated with teratogenic effects. A complex model -using not only statistical premises, but including also social and biological backgrounds -offers more meaningful interpretations of data. Failure to take the need of an epistemological consideration 'is common in the epidemiological literature and leads to underestimation of the effects of distal determinants '. 3 Epistemology focuses on the degrees of certainty and probability of a certain field of knowledge, searching for validation, and logical foundation to state what we state. Epistemology has a variety of objectives: 1) to clarify the paradigm researchers use to construct observations and theories, 2) to evidence the internal and relational coherence between theories, 3) to determine the levels of assurance of constructs (the problem of certainty and belief), and 4) to design the mental activity (thinking, language, inference, use of reason, use of a priori and hidden prejudices) used to construct science. Epistemology may be understood as a science whose aim is the quality of knowledge. The universal value of epistemology have been first recognized in the human sciences. The philosophical root of epistemology was probably the main factor in this pioneering performance. Nowadays, hard data researchers (such as epidemiologists) through the need of using more complex design models, matching quantitative and qualitative methods, are prone to identify the usefulness of epistemological analysis of their 'hard' data.

Análise sobre a Epistemologia e sua aplicação à Ciência da Informação

“…Essa concepção processual de ciência se opõe à noção inerte que explica a ciência como conjunto estável e consolidado de leis e fatos. A ciência se aproxima mais a um movimento de pessoas responsáveis que buscam a melhor representação testada e comprovada dos fatos (verdade De acordo com Sousa et al (2004), a epistemologia possui uma variedade de objetivos dentre os quais poderíamos destacar os seguintes: a) esclarecer os paradigmas que os pesquisadores utilizam para construir observações e teorias; b) evidenciar a coerência interna e relacional entre as teorias; c) determinar os níveis de confiabilidade dos construtos (o problema da certeza e da crença); e, d) analisar a atividade mental (pensamento, linguagem, inferência, uso de raciocínios) utilizada para construir a ciência.…”