Capacity of ensilage of Jatropha curcas L. cake to degrade forbol esters

Oliveira, André Soares de; Schwambach, Thiago Ivan; Sinhorin, Adilson P.; Oliveira, Márcia Rodrigues Carvalho; Alessi, Karine Claudia; Filho, Francisco Antônio de Oliveira; Pina, Douglas dos Santos

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982012000600032

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…De Oliveira et al (2012) applied the technique of ensiling to Jatropha seed cake, by the addition of soluble carbohydrates and inoculants comprising of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium, for 60 days at room temperature. Jatropha PEs levels were reduced (by 47%).…”

Section: Jatropha Seed Cakementioning

confidence: 99%

Risks for human and animal health related to the presence of phorbol esters in Jatropha kernel meal

2015

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the risks for human and animal health related to the presence of phorbol esters (PEs) in Jatropha kernel meal were assessed by the EFSA Panel of Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) seeds contain substantial amounts of extractable oil utilised for biodiesel production. The remaining protein‐rich products (seed meal or kernel meal) may be used as a protein source in animal feed after removal of anti‐nutritive factors and toxic PEs. The available data on absorption of Jatropha PEs after oral ingestion, biotransformation, elimination, and dose‐dependent toxic effects are very limited, and only for pigs a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 0.4 mg PEs/kg bw per day (12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) equivalent), based on decreases in body weight gain and feed intake, could be identified from short‐term feeding studies. No health based guidance value for humans could be established. Processes that almost completely remove or degrade toxic PEs in Jatropha products are available, resulting in levels below the limit of detection of 3 mg Jatropha PEs/kg (TPA equivalent). Replacement of 50% of the protein in compound feeds with treated Jatropha materials would result in animal exposures that are still 10 to 200‐fold lower than the NOAEL for pigs. The CONTAM Panel concluded that such use of Jatropha material would not pose a health risk to pigs and that the risk to other species is likely to be low. The transfer of Jatropha PEs to animal derived products is unknown. In a human exposure scenario using a 50% transfer rate from feed to milk, a daily intake of 1 μg Jatropa PEs/kg bw per day was calculated. The CONTAM Panel concluded that more data are needed to draw firm conclusions on human risks.

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Section: Jatropha Seed Cakementioning

confidence: 99%

Risks for human and animal health related to the presence of phorbol esters in Jatropha kernel meal

2015

EFS2

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“…The jatropha is being considered quite a while more advantageous agricultural option for the Northeast of Brazil, is dealing with demanding species insolation and strong resistance to drought (OLIVEIRA et al, 2010). According to Drumond et al (2010), this oilseed produces an average of 330 kg ha -1 of seed, under dry conditions and 1.200 kg ha -1 in irrigated area in the first year of production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jatropha Production in Function of Organic Fertilization With Cassava Water and Cow Urine

Nápoles

Souza

Azevedo

et al. 2018

Rev. Agric. Neotrop.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) submitted to fertilization with cow urine and cassava water. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Lagoa Seca, Paraíba State, Brazil. A 5 x 5 factorial scheme was used in a randomized complete block design with 25 treatments and 4 replicates, using different volumes of cow urine and cassava water. Irrigation was performed twice a week corresponding to 100% of ET0, where all plants received the same water blade. The syrup with 750 mL of cassava water and 750 mL of cow urine provided a greater number of fruits (33.00); however, the larger green mass of the fruits (224.59 g) was obtained when cow urine was added into 1,000 mL of cassava water. The dry weight of the fruits obtained the lowest value (48.92 g), when 250 mL of cow urine was used in the absence of cassava water. The cow urine and cassava water increase production and weight of the fruit of jatropha, which can be used as organic fertilizer for the crop.

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“…J. curcas can provide opportunities for additional income and therefore improve food security (Lyimo, 2010). To enhance the value of JKC, several methods have been proposed for its detoxification, such as: (1) solvent extraction methods (Chivandi et al, 2004;Martınez-Herrera et al, 2006;Makkar et al 2008;Rachadaporn et al, 2012); (2) chemical treatment methods Haas and Mittelbach, 2000;Aregheore et al, 2003;Devappa and Swamylingappa, 2008;Azza and Ferial, 2010); (3) biodetoxification methods such as fungal detoxification (Belewu and Akande, 2010;Azhar et al, 2014Sulaiman et al, 2014), bacterial detoxification (El-Zelaky et al, 2011;Phengnuam and Suntornsuk, 2013;Widiyastuti et al, 2013;Chin-Feng et al, 2014) and ensilage (Oliveira et al, 2012); physical methods such as ionizing radiation (Runumi et al, 2014), ozonation and solar irradiation (Susan et al, 2015), heat (Workagegn et al, 2013), roasting (Azza and Ferial, 2010), germination (Azza and Ferial, 2010), soaking (Azza and Ferial, 2010), and boiling (Annongu et al, 2010;Fakunle et al, 2013;Alatise et al, 2014). All these methods are characterized by different levels of success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating auto-detoxification of Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 kernel cake with brine shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) lethality test

Ewane¹,

Ndamukong²,

Oben³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 is a plant with several uses for communities in Cameroon and other African countries. However, present methods of detoxifying J. curcas kernel cake (JKC) to add value to its further utilization are too sophisticated for cottage operations in rural areas. This study sought to evaluate two auto-detoxification methods using the shellfish brine shrimp, Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758). Two identical J. curcas auto-detoxification apparatuses (JADA) were developed: one simulating diffuse daylight (DJADA) and the other solar irradiation (SJADA) conditions. JKC was pretreated by either soaking or boiling in water or lye. The pretreated samples were then placed in the JADA and either re-moistened to 66% dry matter (DM) or left un-moistened. Among the 14 pretreated samples, water soaked solar without re-moistening (WS1), lye soaked solar without re-moistening (LS1), and water soaked solar with re-moistening (WS2) had LC 50 values above 1000 ppm after four weeks. On the other hand, un-moistened diffuse daylight spread (UDC), boiled in water and exposed to diffused daylight without remoistening (WD3), and un-moistened solar spread (USS) were the least detoxified within the same period of four weeks with LC 50 values less than 60 ppm. Irrespective of the pretreatment, extracts from the SJADA had higher LC 50 values when compared to that of DJADA. This finding suggests that sunlight is an important factor in auto-detoxification. The top three most efficient detoxified treatments: WS1, LS1 and WS2 are recommended for further development and testing with livestock and fish models. This study confirms that JKC is toxic, but under natural conditions is exposed to auto-detoxifying factors which are both endogenous and environmental. When these conditions are optimally manipulated, the detoxification rate is enhanced. Farmers in rural communities can use this strategy to detoxify JKC, transform it into livestock and fish dietary ingredient and consequently enhance its contribution to climate change mitigation.

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Capacity of ensilage of Jatropha curcas L. cake to degrade forbol esters

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Risks for human and animal health related to the presence of phorbol esters in Jatropha kernel meal

Risks for human and animal health related to the presence of phorbol esters in Jatropha kernel meal

Jatropha Production in Function of Organic Fertilization With Cassava Water and Cow Urine

Evaluating auto-detoxification of Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, 1753 kernel cake with brine shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) lethality test

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