Ractopamine in diets for finishing gilts

Watanabe, Pedro Henrique; Thomaz, Maria Cristina; Pascoal, Leonardo Augusto Fonseca; Ruiz, Urbano dos Santos; Daniel, Everton; Cristani, José

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982011000400017

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The effect of ractopamine on the percentage and amount of meat on the carcass of animals consuming diets with higher energy levels also has been demonstrated [3,11]. Ractopamine results in a reduction in back-fat thickness and increases the percentage of meat, carcass yield and loin depth [4,23,46], significantly improving animal performance without affecting meat quality in terms of color, hardness, pH, and marbling [4,47,48].…”

Section: Ractopamine Carcass Traits and Meat Qualitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There is evidence that levels below 20 ppm may not allow expression of the effects of ractopamina [22]. Evaluating increased levels of ractopamine (0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm) in diets for gilts, researchers verified that weight gain of the animals was not affected by the inclusion of ractopamine and these authors worked with pigs beginning in the growth phase [3].…”

Section: Ractopamine and Phosphorus Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluating doses of 20 ppm of ractopamine for pigs at ambient temperatures between 18° to 25°C, researchers observed no effect of ractopamine addition on feed intake [2,4,5,12,26,39]. Some authors have even verified that the inclusion of ractopamine in pig diets in an environment of moderate temperatures, between 16 and 25°C, allowed a reduction in food intake of approximately 7.3% [18] and 12.9% [3]. However, these researchers paid no attention to the details of dietary nutritional corrections or to the initial weights of the animals.…”

Section: Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slaughterhouses, in order to increase industrial output, have preferred to process heavier pigs (between 115.0 and 130.0 kg). To match end user demand with supply of meat from the slaughterhouses, it has been proposed to use ractopamine in pig diets in the finishing phase (from 95.0 to 120.0 kg) while removing it from the diets at least ten days prior to slaughter [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ractopamine for Pigs: A Review about Nutritional Requirements

Ferreira¹

2013

J. Basic Appl. Sci.

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Heavy weight pigs tend to deposit greater quantities of fat than protein. To work around this situation, ractopamine has been used in the finishing stage. In environments with moderate temperatures, ractopamine in pig diets in the finishing phase may increase rates of weight gain and improve feed efficiency without affecting feed intake. Ractopamine increases needs of pigs in terms of lysine, phosphorus and energy. The effects of ractopamine in pigs raised under conditions of heat stress have been observed in weight gain, feed efficiency and muscle deposition rate, but not on reducing the amount of fat in pigs weighing between 95.0 and 120.0 kg. Ractopamine has promoted the increase in quantity of meat on the carcass, without altering flavor and tenderness. The weight of some organs is affected by the use of ractopamine, especially in animals under conditions of heat stress. There is need for more research relating to the effects of ractopamine with the welfare of pigs with at least 95.0 kg.

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Section: Ractopamine Carcass Traits and Meat Qualitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ractopamine and Phosphorus Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ractopamine for Pigs: A Review about Nutritional Requirements

Ferreira¹

2013

J. Basic Appl. Sci.

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“…A ractopamina (RAC) agonista beta-adrenérgico pertencente à família das fenetanolaminas, é análoga estrutural de hormônios coletivamente denominados catecolaminas (epinefrina e norepinefrina) (MERSMANN, 2002;MILLS et al, 2003). Esse agonista de receptor beta-adrenérgico é também classificado como promotor de crescimento, por ser capaz de gerar uma melhor partição de nutrientes do tecido adiposo em favor do crescimento muscular (APPLE et al, 2007;WATANABE et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Interação ractopamina e hormônio do crescimento no metabolismo de ratas hipofisectomizadas

Barros

Curti

Silva³

et al. 2013

Biotemas

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Interaction between ractopamine and growth hormone in the metabolism of hypophysectomized female rats. Ractopamine and growth hormone have been extensively studied due to their ability to generate a better partition of nutrients in the body, providing an increased muscle protein synthesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue. Thus, this article aims to check the effects of interaction between these substances on the metabolism of hypophysectomized female rats, and their individual effects on the body composition of these animals. Thirty Fisher rats were distributed into five treatments, one of them was a normal control group, one was a hypophysectomized control group, and the other three were hypophysectomized animal groups treated with ractopamine (80 mg/kg/day), with growth hormone (4 mg/kg/day), and with a combination of them, all with six replicates in each group. The association between these substances provided a higher percentage of protein and decreased ether extract in the animals' carcass. Furthermore, it caused an increase in water intake, in urine production, and decreased relative weight of kidneys, liver, and spleen when compared to the control group. The use of growth hormone provided a higher final weight gain and feeding effectiveness, lower heart weight and increased blood glucose level, and the use of ractopamine resulted in a higher lung weight, increased total cholesterol and IGF-1, and decreased peptide C concentration.

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A multivariate approach to determine the factors affecting response level of growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in finishing pigs fed ractopamine1

Pompeu¹,

Rodrigues²,

Cavalcanti³

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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The effect of ractopamine (RAC) supplementation on growth, carcass, and meat quality traits of finishing pigs was studied using a meta-analytical approach. The database was composed of 57 studies published from 2004 to 2016. The dependent variables extracted for the meta-analysis included final BW, ADG, ADFI, feed:gain ratio, HCW, dressing percentage, carcass length, lean yield, back fat thickness, loin muscle area, loin depth, postmortem pH, meat brightness, redness, and yellowness. The studies were grouped by similarity in 3 clusters (C1, C2, and C3) by hierarchical clustering on principle components. The main differences observed between clusters were those of animal initial weight, which increased from C1 through C3. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the data, where studies were assumed as random effect, whereas the total amount of RAC in the diet, cluster, and sex category were considered fixed effects. The interactions between cluster and sex category (barrows, gilts, and mixed sex) and RAC level were also evaluated. Dietary RAC was effective in improving final weight ( < 0.0001), ADG ( < 0.0001), and feed:gain ratio ( < 0.0001) and had a positive effect on HCW ( < 0.0001), lean yield ( = 0.0081), loin muscle area ( = 0.0190), and loin depth ( < 0.0001). In addition, a relatively limited effect on pork quality was observed in the current study. The RAC supplementation was more effective, mainly when pigs started supplementation with higher initial weight, although different responses were observed according to sex category ( < 0.05). There is ample indication that growth and carcass traits could be improved by dietary RAC supplementation. Ractopamine supplementation did not influence the pork quality.

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Ractopamine in diets for finishing gilts

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Ractopamine for Pigs: A Review about Nutritional Requirements

Ractopamine for Pigs: A Review about Nutritional Requirements

Interação ractopamina e hormônio do crescimento no metabolismo de ratas hipofisectomizadas

A multivariate approach to determine the factors affecting response level of growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in finishing pigs fed ractopamine1

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