Feed extrusion process description

Abstract

-The following work discusses the main features of feed extrusion process explaining the expected effects on the final product according to the raw material used as starch, protein, fat and fiber. The selection of processing equipments as feeder, preconditioner and extruder is discussed considering the involved costs and the probability of future expansion. Dryers are also essential in the extrusion process as it reduces the level of moisture in an extrusion cooked product. High moisture levels increase the water activity which favors the bacterial and mold growth so an overview of different kinds of dryers is considered. Guidelines for an economic prediction are shown to determine the potential for profit considering the input of raw material cost, energy cost and capital equipment cost as related to the extrusion module.Key Words: extruder, extrusion process, feed extrusion, livestock feed, pet food Descrição do processo de extrusão do alimento RESUMO -Este trabalho aborda as principais características do processo de extrusão de alimentos, explicando os efeitos esperados no produto final, em função do tipo de componente utilizado na receita, como amido, proteínas, gorduras e fibras. O dimensionamento dos equipamentos da linha de extrusão, como silo, pré-condicionador e extrusor, é tratado considerando-se os custos envolvidos e a possibilidade de expansões futuras. Secadores também são essenciais no processo de extrusão, pois reduzem o nível de umidade do produto final. Altos níveis de umidade aumentam a atividade de água, favorecendo a proliferação de bactérias e mofo, portanto, uma visão geral de diferentes tipos de secadores é considerada. Orientações para uma previsão econômica são apresentadas para se determinar o potencial de lucro, considerando-se os custos com a matéria-prima, a energia utilizada no processo de fabricação e os equipamentos relacionados ao módulo de extrusão.Palavras-chave: alimentos para animais de compania, extrusão do alimento, extrusor, processo de extrusão, ração animal

Physico-chemical properties of extruded aquafeed pellets containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and adult cricket (Acheta domesticus) meals

“…However, these two methods had limitations related to efficiency of utilisation, handling and storability of the product. According to Rokey et al (2010), extrusion was first used to produce dry expanded pet foods in the 1950s. The method has so far been widely accepted, and is used to produce many tons of animal food throughout the world.…”

The influence of expansion control device used during production of different extruded sea bass feeds on pellets quality

“…This leads to an increase in feed diameters (Thomas and van der Poel, 1996;Chen et al, 1999;Sørensen et al, 2009). In the study by Rokey et al (2010) it has been shown that expanded pet and aquatic feeds will often expand by more than 50% of the die opening. The degree of expansion is positively affected by the level of starch and soluble protein and negatively -by the level of fat in the formulation.…”

Nucleotides inclusion in pet food: effect of thermic treatment and shelf-life

“…This industrial process, during which food components are exposed to high temperatures, could lead to a degradation of all heat-sensitive and easily oxidable nutrients. [14].…”