Recent advances in sow nutrition

Kim, Sung Woo

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982010001300033

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The transition from trimester 2 to 3 marks a significant and continual increase in human fetal weight upon completion of organogenesis. A similar and marked increase in fetal weight occurs at E70 in the pig (Kim, 2010). We believe, therefore, that E70 marks the transition from trimester 2 to 3.…”

Section: The Mec and Lec Boundaries Can Be Delineated In The Prenatal Porcine Brainsupporting

confidence: 60%

Development of the Entorhinal Cortex Occurs via Parallel Lamination During Neurogenesis

et al. 2021

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The entorhinal cortex (EC) is the spatial processing center of the brain and structurally is an interface between the three layered paleocortex and six layered neocortex, known as the periarchicortex. Limited studies indicate peculiarities in the formation of the EC such as early emergence of cells in layers (L) II and late deposition of LIII, as well as divergence in the timing of maturation of cell types in the superficial layers. In this study, we examine developmental events in the entorhinal cortex using an understudied model in neuroanatomy and development, the pig and supplement the research with BrdU labeling in the developing mouse EC. We determine the pig serves as an excellent anatomical model for studying human neurogenesis, given its long gestational length, presence of a moderate sized outer subventricular zone and early cessation of neurogenesis during gestation. Immunohistochemistry identified prominent clusters of OLIG2+ oligoprogenitor-like cells in the superficial layers of the lateral EC (LEC) that are sparser in the medial EC (MEC). These are first detected in the subplate during the early second trimester. MRI analyses reveal an acceleration of EC growth at the end of the second trimester. BrdU labeling of the developing MEC, shows the deeper layers form first and prior to the superficial layers, but the LV/VI emerges in parallel and the LII/III emerges later, but also in parallel. We coin this lamination pattern parallel lamination. The early born Reln+ stellate cells in the superficial layers express the classic LV marker, Bcl11b (Ctip2) and arise from a common progenitor that forms the late deep layer LV neurons. In summary, we characterize the developing EC in a novel animal model and outline in detail the formation of the EC. We further provide insight into how the periarchicortex forms in the brain, which differs remarkably to the inside-out lamination of the neocortex.

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Section: The Mec and Lec Boundaries Can Be Delineated In The Prenatal Porcine Brainsupporting

confidence: 60%

Development of the Entorhinal Cortex Occurs via Parallel Lamination During Neurogenesis

et al. 2021

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“…The transition from trimester 2 to 3 marks a significant and continual increase in human fetal weight upon completion of organogenesis. A similar and marked increase in fetal weight occurs at E70 in the pig (Kim, 2010). We believe that E70 marks an equal representative of the transition from trimester 2 to 3.…”

Section: Subheading 1 Entorhinal Cortex Development Exhibits Rapid Gsupporting

confidence: 62%

Decoding the porcine developing spatial processing system and production of human entorhinal stellate cell-like cells by a direct programming approach

Bergmann

Liu

Mogus

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The entorhinal cortex consists of several important cell types including, the grid cells, speed cells, border cells and head-direction cells and is important for memory, spatial navigation and perception of time. Here, we trace in detail the development of the entorhinal cortex. Using single-cell profiling we provide unique transcriptional signatures for glia, excitatory and inhibitory neurons existing in the region, including RELN+ cells in layer (L) II and superficial pyramidal neurons. We identified a sandwich layered cortex, where LII emerges prior to LIII and superficial cells maintain a deep layer molecular identity after birth. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the formation of the brain's cognitive memory and spatial processing system and provides insight into the transcriptional identity and spatial position of the entorhinal cells.

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“…For example, the results of our DMM analysis showed a marked shift in microbiome composition starting around day 72 (Fig. 1 C), which is coincident with remarkable metabolic shifts in both the sow and the developing fetus, including a dramatic acceleration of fetal weight gain, as well as accumulation of fetal protein and sow mammary gland protein content [ 39 ]. Whether the sow microbiome, and pregnancy- or parity-associated changes in the microbiome, play any role in these processes merits further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling of the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy is shaped by parity

et al. 2021

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Background The maternal microbiome has emerged as an important factor in gestational health and outcome and is associated with risk of preterm birth and offspring morbidity. Epidemiological evidence also points to successive pregnancies—referred to as maternal parity—as a risk factor for preterm birth, infant mortality, and impaired neonatal growth. Despite the fact that both the maternal microbiome and parity are linked to maternal-infant health, the impact of parity on the microbiome remains largely unexplored, in part due to the challenges of studying parity in humans. Results Using synchronized pregnancies and dense longitudinal monitoring of the microbiome in pigs, we describe a microbiome trajectory during pregnancy and determine the extent to which parity modulates this trajectory. We show that the microbiome changes reproducibly during gestation and that this remodeling occurs more rapidly as parity increases. At the time of parturition, parity was linked to the relative abundance of several bacterial species, including Treponema bryantii, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Lactobacillus reuteri. Strain tracking carried out in 18 maternal-offspring “quadrads”—each consisting of one mother sow and three piglets—linked maternal parity to altered levels of Akkermansia muciniphila, Prevotella stercorea, and Campylobacter coli in the infant gut 10 days after birth. Conclusions Collectively, these results identify parity as an important environmental factor that modulates the gut microbiome during pregnancy and highlight the utility of a swine model for investigating the microbiome in maternal-infant health. In addition, our data show that the impact of parity extends beyond the mother and is associated with alterations in the community of bacteria that colonize the offspring gut early in life. The bacterial species we identified as parity-associated in the mother and offspring have been shown to influence host metabolism in other systems, raising the possibility that such changes may influence host nutrient acquisition or utilization. These findings, taken together with our observation that even subtle differences in parity are associated with microbiome changes, underscore the importance of considering parity in the design and analysis of human microbiome studies during pregnancy and in infants.

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Recent advances in sow nutrition

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Development of the Entorhinal Cortex Occurs via Parallel Lamination During Neurogenesis

Development of the Entorhinal Cortex Occurs via Parallel Lamination During Neurogenesis

Decoding the porcine developing spatial processing system and production of human entorhinal stellate cell-like cells by a direct programming approach

Remodeling of the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy is shaped by parity

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