Nutritional innovations on amino acids supplementation in Nile tilapia diets

Abstract

-The optimal dietary supply of amino acids to tilapia has been studied for many years. Nevertheless, a general agreement on the amino acid requirement for tilapias has not been established. In order to optimize efficiency and reduce surplus nitrogen, values of digestibility of each amino acid of feed must be considered. Due to variations in the amino acid requirement due to new tilapia strains introduction, continuous research on amino acid requirements is necessary to elaborate economical and environmental sustainability diets, also improving fish growth, efficiency and fillet yield. The concept of ideal protein in tilapia diets was introduced more than ten years ago, and new researches have shown the importance of protein and amino acids on fish performance and health, when tilapias are submitted to constant challenging from internal and external factors.Key Words: amino acids, digestibility, fish, ideal protein, meat quality, performance Inovações sobre o uso de aminoácidos industriais em dietas para a tilápia-do-niloRESUMO -O suprimento adequado de aminoácidos dietéticos para tilápias tem sido estudado por muitos anos. No entanto, ainda não foi estabelecida uma concordância geral sobre a exigência de aminoácidos para tilápias. A fim de otimizar a eficiência e reduzir o excesso de nitrogênio, as dietas devem ser elaboradas considerando-se os valores de digestibilidade de cada aminoácido dos alimentos. Devido às variações nas exigências de aminoácidos pela introdução novas linhagens de tilápias, a investigação contínua sobre exigências de aminoácidos é necessária para a elaboração de dietas ambiental e economicamente sustentáveis que melhorem também o crescimento dos peixes, a eficiência alimentar e o rendimento de filé. O conceito de proteína ideal em dietas de tilápias foi introduzido há mais de dez anos, e novas pesquisas têm mostrado a importância da proteína e aminoácidos no desempenho e na saúde dos peixes submetidos a desafios frente a fatores internos e externos.

Establishing the optimal essential amino acid ratios in juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by the deletion method

“…). Once the ideal AA profile has been determined, the requirement for a single AA can be determined experimentally for a given field situation, with the requirements for all other AAs being calculated from the ideal ratios (Furuya & Furuya ).…”

“…A number of techniques have been employed to easily estimate the quantitative AA requirement for fish. These techniques are based on the analysis of essential amino acids (EAA) found in the body (Furuya & Furuya ) and later used as reference for tilapia nutrition (Furuya et al . ).…”

“…However, results from previous studies performed in tilapia show that the AA profile in the body does not always correctly indicate the dietary nutrient requirements (Wilson , ). Therefore, it is recommended that dose–response experiments be performed to determine the optimal AA profile in a fish feed (Furuya & Furuya ) to prevent deficiencies of EAA. However, dose–response experiments are time‐consuming and expensive, and require that multiple assays be performed for each AA (Rollin et al .…”

Amino acid digestibility of animal protein ingredients for bullfrogs in different phases of post-metamorphic development

“…The concept of ideal protein should be used to balance dietary amino acids for aquatic organisms (Furuya, Pezzato, Barros, Pezzato, Furuya & Miranda ). According to Furuya and Furuya (), a balanced diet, especially in terms of limiting amino acids, will reduce crude protein content. This could be a strategy to increase the sustainability of production by reducing the environmental impact caused by excessive nitrogen excretion.…”

Differences in Nutritional Value and Amino Acid Composition of <i>Moina macrocopa</i> (Straus) Using Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Rhodotorula glutinis</i> as Fodder Substrates

“…The use of protein with an unbalanced amino acid profile does not provide the expected rate of biomass increasing in hydrobionts due to the high energy consumption of the body for transamination processes, as well as increases the level of excess nitrogen intake to water, which creates an additional burden on water purification systems. In accordance with the listed above, recent studies, that develop the concept of ideal protein for certain species of hydrobionts, have gained popularity [19,20].…”