A nutrition mathematical model to account for dietary supply and requirements of energy and nutrients for domesticated small ruminants: the development and evaluation of the Small Ruminant Nutrition System

Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a resposta de cabras em lactação alimentadas com dietas contendo casca de soja em substituição ao feno de coastcross. Trinta e seis cabras (38±5 dias em lactação; 2,1±0,4 kg/dia) foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados e confinadas por oito semanas. As dietas foram compostas de 50% de volumoso e 50% de concentrado e com o mesmo teor de fibra em detergente neutro. A casca de soja substituiu o feno de coastcross em 0, 33, 67 ou 100% da matéria seca (MS). O consumo de matéria seca e a eficiência alimentar apresentaram resposta quadrática aos teores de casca de soja na dieta. A produção de leite e a variação do peso corporal não foram alteradas, porém a concentração de gordura e lactose do leite aumentou e os tempos gastos com ruminação e mastigação decresceram com a inclusão da casca de soja na dieta. A casca de soja pode substituir totalmente o feno de coastcross em dietas para cabras em lactação, pois essa substituição não prejudica a produção de leite e aumenta o teor de gordura e lactose do leite. Em comparação ao feno picado de coastcross, a casca de soja apresenta menor efetividade em estimular a ruminação e a mastigação.

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“…3 FDN proveniente de forragem. 4 Estimado utilizando o modelo Small Ruminant Nutrition System, v.1.8.7 (Cannas et al, 2004;Tedeschi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Substituição do feno de coastcross por casca de soja na alimentação de cabras em lactação

Gentil¹,

Susin²,

Pires³

et al. 2011

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…For example, researchers have used an SD model to understand the functioning of mixed farming systems in the tropics, specifically in the Yucatán peninsula, including different components such as nutrition and management of sheep; partitioning of nutrients; flock dynamics; local and regional sheep production, marketing and economics; and labor [117]. A multi-objective modeling approach was adopted by combining different computer programs: the Agriculture Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) for crop modeling [118] and the Small Ruminant Nutrition System (SRNS) for animal modeling [119] with an SD model interfacing both programs ( Figure 10). Applying their model to compare specialized systems versus mixed farming, they concluded the mixed farming scenario provided more income than specialized enterprises [120].…”

Section: Integration Of Smallholder Crop-livestock Production and Smamentioning

confidence: 99%

System Dynamics Modeling for Agricultural and Natural Resource Management Issues: Review of Some Past Cases and Forecasting Future Roles

et al. 2016

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Contemporary issues in agriculture and natural resource management (AGNR) span a wide spectrum of challenges and scales-from global climate change to resiliency in national and regional food systems to the sustainability of livelihoods of small-holder farmers-all of which may be characterized as complex problems. With rapid development of tools and technologies over the previous half century (e.g., computer simulation), a plethora of disciplines have developed methods to address individual components of these multifaceted, complex problems, oftentimes neglecting unintended consequences to other systems. A systems thinking approach is needed to (1) address these contemporary AGNR issues given their multi-and interdisciplinary aspects; (2) utilize a holistic perspective to accommodate all of the elements of the problem; and (3) include qualitative and quantitative techniques to incorporate "soft" and "hard" elements into the analyses. System dynamics (SD) methodology is uniquely suited to investigate AGNR given their inherently complex behaviors. In this paper, we review applications of SD to AGNR and discuss the potential contributions and roles of SD in addressing emergent problems of the 21st century. We identified numerous SD cases applied to water, soil, food systems, and smallholder issues. More importantly, several case studies are shown illustrating the tradeoffs between short-term and long-term strategies and the pitfalls of relying on quick fixes to AGNR problems (known as "fixes that backfire" and "shifting the burden", well-known, commonly occurring, systemic structures-or archetypes-observed across numerous management situations [Senge, P.M. The Fifth Discipline, 1st ed.; Doubleday: New York, NY, USA, 1990.]). We conclude that common attempts to alleviate AGNR problems, across continents and regardless of the type of resources involved, have suffered from reliance on short-term management strategies. To effectively address AGNR problems, longer-term thinking and strategies aimed at fundamental solutions will be needed to better identify and minimize the often delayed, and unintended, consequences arising from feedback between management interventions and AGNR systems.

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“…Parsons et al (2010b) developed in integrated croplivestock model to study the sheep farming systems of the Yucatán peninsula, Mexico. They used principles of SD to build a stock-flow feedback model to aggregate nutrition, production, and manure management information from the Small Ruminant Nutrition System [SRNS; (Tedeschi et al, 2010a)] with weather, crop, and soil dynamic data from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator [APSIM; (Keating et al, 2003)]. They simulated scenarios that con trasted specialized systems versus mixed farming.…”

Section: Agribusiness Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheep and goats are the most common domesti cated small ruminant with worldwide economic impact (Tedeschi et al, 2010a). Domestic sheep and goats were both domesticated more than 10,000 years ago in the Fer tile Crescent region in the Zagros Mountains (Luikart et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These models can be used to assess many dimensions of small ruminant production, from rumen dynamics to economic policies designed to support small ruminant production. Modelling provides a framework for the integration of scientific knowledge and allows for the creation of decision support systems (DSS) to make deci sions regarding the improvement of animal production systems at a variety of levels (Tedeschi et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using System Dynamics modelling approach to develop management tools for animal production with emphasis on small ruminants

Tedeschi

Nicholson

Rich

2011

Small Ruminant Research

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Small ruminants are important assets in several regions of the world. They account for more than half of the domesticated ruminants. Despite the growth in goat production in the world (more than 2% per ye. ar), research related to goat production is less than desired. One underused but potentially valuable approach for research on small ruminants is sim ulation modelling. Models of the components of small ruminant systems can enhance the financial returns and reduce negative environmental impacts. These models can be used to assess many dimensions of small ruminant production, from rumen dynamics to economic policies designed to support small ruminant production. Understanding the nutrition, pro duction, and economic policy feedback signals and planning ahead is crucial to build a robust and integrated production activity that can be managed under different production scenarios. System Dynamics (SD) is a computer-aided modelling methodology that can be used to perform policy analysis and decision support system (DSS) applied to dynamic problems arising in complex social, managerial, economic. or ecological dynamic systems characterized by interdependence, mutual interaction, information feedback. and circular causality. SD can be used as a modelling tool to aggregate knowledge to solve d ifferent types of problems that have a limited scope to a specific location or have broad trends of applications across locations and areas of science. Important issues of broad application include the bearings ofanimal production in the climate change and the impacts of climate change in animal production, alternative production scenarios ofanimal and crop integra tion, associations between animal production and business (economics, marketing). The trend of increasing small ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions and an increasing pressure on tropical and subtropical livestock systems to produce food, to feed livestock. and to produce energy crops warrants the development ofDSS to address issues such as what is the "real" benefits of livestock. the negative impacts livestock can have on greenhouse-gas emissions and the environment, and the effects ofclimate change on livestock systems.

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A nutrition mathematical model to account for dietary supply and requirements of energy and nutrients for domesticated small ruminants: the development and evaluation of the Small Ruminant Nutrition System

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Substituição do feno de coastcross por casca de soja na alimentação de cabras em lactação

Substituição do feno de coastcross por casca de soja na alimentação de cabras em lactação

System Dynamics Modeling for Agricultural and Natural Resource Management Issues: Review of Some Past Cases and Forecasting Future Roles

Using System Dynamics modelling approach to develop management tools for animal production with emphasis on small ruminants

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