Stroke in Brazil: a neglected disease

Lotufo, Paulo A.

doi:10.1590/s1516-31802005000100001

Cited by 129 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Magnesium stearate is employed as a lubricant; it is incompatible with several drugs (Daniel et al, 2013;Tita et al, 2011;Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 2006) but is compatible with others (Verma et al, 2004;2005). Similar behavior was obtained in this study: no chemical interaction occurred in this binary mixture.…”

Section: Stability and Compatibility Assaysupporting

confidence: 83%

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Compatibility and stability of valsartan in a solid pharmaceutical formulation

Julio

Zâmara

Garcia

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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Valsartan (VAL) is a highly selective blocker of the angiotensin II receptor that has been widely used in the treatment of hypertension. Active pharmaceutical ingredient compatibility with excipients (crospovidone, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and titanium dioxide) is usually evaluated in solid pharmaceutical development. Compatibility and stability can be evaluated by liquid chromatography. Studies were performed using binary mixtures of 1:1 (w/w) VAL/excipient; samples were stored under accelerated stability test conditions (40 °C at 75% relative humidity). The results indicate that VAL is incompatible with crospovidone and hypromellose, which reduced the VAL content and gave rise to new peaks in the chromatogram due to degradation products. Valsartana (VAL) é um bloqueador altamente seletivo do receptor da angiotensina II, que tem sido amplamente utilizado para o tratamento da hipertensão. Testes de compatibilidade com excipientes usualmente empregados em formulações sólidas são utilizados no desenvolvimento de formulações sólidas. Neste trabalho, realizaram-se testes utilizando misturas binárias na proporção 1:1 (m/m) de VAL/excipiente e as amostras foram armazenadas em condições de estabilidade acelerada (40 °C em 75% de umidade relativa). Os resultados obtidos indicam a incompatibilidade de VAL com crospovidona e hipromelose, através da redução do teor de VAL e a presença de novos picos no cromatograma provenientes de produtos de degradação.Unitermos: Valsartana/compatibilidade. Valtasan/estabilidade. Hipertensão/tratamento. Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial/análise de fármacos. Cromatografia líquida de alto desempenho/análise quantitativa.

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Section: Stability and Compatibility Assaysupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Hypertension is a chronic medical condition that is the world's leading cause of mortality (Lewington et al, 2002;Lotufo, 2005), affecting people of varying ages and economic status. To minimize or prevent hypertension, adequate diet and physical exercise are recommended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility and stability of valsartan in a solid pharmaceutical formulation

Julio

Zâmara

Garcia

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…O principal fator de risco modificável foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) para AVC isquêmico (67,6%) e AVC hemorrágico (57,8%). A regressão logística identificou diabetes como fator de risco independente para AVC isquêmico (OR=3,70; IC=1,77 Dr. Mario E. Dourado -Rua Marcílio Furtado 2042 -59063-360 Natal RN -Brasil. E-mail: medourado@digi.com.br Stroke has become an increasingly important health problem worldwide.…”

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“…There are about 5.5 million yearly deaths and an estimated loss of 49 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide [1][2][3][4] . Hypertension and age are the main risk factors for the different types of stroke, which include ischemic (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of stroke types at an emergency hospital in Natal, Brazil

Martins

Figueiredo

Rocha

et al. 2007

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-We performed a cross-sectional study of stroke type frequency at a local emergency hospital, in Natal, Brazil. The sample consisted of all patients who were admitted to an emergency hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of stroke. Of the 416 patients, 328 were studied, 88 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria, 74.7% (n= 245) had ischemic stroke 17.7% (n=58) had intracerebral hemorrhage, 7.6% (n=25) had subarachnoid hemorrhage; 173 were men (52.7%). Mean age was 64.1 years. The intrahospital mortality rate was 10.2%, 17.2% and 36% for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively. The most prevalent modifiable risk factor was hypertension for ischemic stroke (67.6%) and hemorrhage stroke (57.8%). Logistic regression analysis identified diabetes (OR=3.70; CI=1.76-7.77) as independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. The ischemic stroke was most common type of stroke. Hypertension and diabetes were important risk factors for stroke.KEY WORDS: stroke, Brazil, hypertension. Freqüência dos tipos de acidente vascular cerebral em hospital de emergência, Natal, BrasilRESUMO -Realizamos um estudo de prevalência para determinar a freqüência dos tipos de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) num hospital de urgência de Natal. Estudaram-se todos os pacientes que foram admitidos no hospital de urgência com diagnóstico presuntivo de AVC. Dos 416 pacientes, 328 foram estudados, 88 foram excluídos por não cumprirem os critérios de inclusão, 74,7% (n= 245) tiveram AVC isquêmi-co, 17,7% (n=58) hemorragia intracerebral e 7,6% (n=25) hemorragia subaracnóidea. O gênero mais prevalente foi o masculino (52,7%). A média de idade foi 64,1 anos. A letalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 10,2%, 17,2% e 36% para o tipo isquêmico, hemorrágico e hemorragia subaracnóide, respectivamente. O principal fator de risco modificável foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) para AVC isquêmico (67,6%) e AVC hemorrágico (57,8%). A regressão logística identificou diabetes como fator de risco independente para AVC isquêmico (OR=3,70; IC=1,77 Dr. Mario E. Dourado -Rua Marcílio Furtado 2042 -59063-360 Natal RN -Brasil. E-mail: medourado@digi.com.br Stroke has become an increasingly important health problem worldwide. There are about 5.5 million yearly deaths and an estimated loss of 49 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide 1-4 . Hypertension and age are the main risk factors for the different types of stroke, which include ischemic (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The management strategies of these ailments are distinct, since they are heterogenous diseases 5 . There has been a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality from stroke in the USA and Europe 6,7 . In contrast, its incidence has increased in developing countries, which may be due to the rapid aging of the population, and increased prevalence of stroke risk factors resulting from change in diet, sedentary lifestyle and diabetes 2 . Lavados et al. showed a raw annual stroke incidence of 95.8 p...

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“…Another datum that corroborates with mortality rates is that high blood pressure accounts for 40% of deaths from stroke and 25% of those from coronary disease. 2,4 It is important to highlight that there are several risk factors for high blood pressure, such as: obesity, ethylism, sedentarism, socioeconomic factors, smoking, aging and ethnicity. Therefore, the treatment involves reducing these risk factors and most of the times the use of drugs in order to reduce high blood pressure, which are directly proportional to mortality rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioequivalence study of four different trademarks of enalapril maleate in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Baracho¹,

Arruda²,

Alves³

et al. 2008

Acta Cir. Bras.

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INTRODUCTION: High blood pressure is a systemic disease which has major clinical and psycho-social repercussions, involves a high morbidity-mortality rate and generates high costs for the health system. Its treatment involves the use of antihypertensive drugs, which are commercialized as trademark, generic or similar drugs. PURPOSE: To verify the antihypertensive effect produced by a similar dose of different trademarks of enalapril maleate in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Fifteen mg/kg of enalapril maleate were administered by gavage in 50 SHR rats and their blood pressure was verified through tail plethysmography every three days in a period of 16 days. RESULTS: The group treated with reference drug has shown a significant reduction on blood pressure levels when compared to the control group. Thus, treatments with enalapril maleate of generic, similar-A and similar-B brands have also shown significant reduction on animals' blood pressure. CONCLUSION: The use of generic drug and similars (A and B) drugs in the same doses and for the same period of time has not shown significant difference regarding the reference drug, which suggests that the brands tested are bioequivalent.

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Stroke in Brazil: a neglected disease

Cited by 129 publications

References 7 publications

Compatibility and stability of valsartan in a solid pharmaceutical formulation

Compatibility and stability of valsartan in a solid pharmaceutical formulation

Frequency of stroke types at an emergency hospital in Natal, Brazil

Bioequivalence study of four different trademarks of enalapril maleate in spontaneously hypertensive rats

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